Major Events Both Crellin Pauling and Peter Jeffress Pauling marry in 1956. Walter Barclay Ray gets his Ph.D. from CIT. Although he is in the Division of Geologic Sciences, his dissertation, a crystal-structure determination of zunyite, is carried out under Pauling’s direction (he will later become Pauling’s son-in-law). In August, Pauling receives the Amadeo Avogadro Medal in Rome. He gives a speech on Avogadro in Italian (an Italian chemist in Urbana, Illinois had translated it from English into Italian for him). Pauling purchases a ranch of 165 acres on the seacoast, about 20 miles north of San Simeon. He intends to use the ranch as a retreat. In the late fall, Pauling visits the site of his ranch on the Big Sur coast, and he invites Barclay Ray and his daughter Linda along. Barclay and Linda become good friends (which is probably what Pauling had intended). In October, the Ford Foundation gives a five-year $450,000 grant to CIT and Pauling. Pauling has a team of scientists who have started exploring the molecular chemistry of mental disease. Pauling believes that many cases of mental deficiency are most likely the result of gene-controlled mental abnormalities. In November, Pauling votes for Adlai Stevenson to be President of the United States, but Stevenson is again defeated by Eisenhower. Pauling and Corey publish a paper on the specific hydrogen-bond formation between pyrimidines and purines in DNA. Chronology by Robert Paradowski. Travel January 4 - 14  Berkeley, CA (11) January 29  Los Angeles, CA  February 4  San Francisco, CA  February 13 - 16  Berkeley, CA (4) February 17  Arcata, CA  February 18 - 22  Berkeley, CA (5) February 23  Palo Alto, CA  February 24  Berkeley, CA  February 27  San Gabriel, CA  March 22  Los Angeles, CA  March 23  Portland, OR  March 24  Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada  March 25  Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; transit to Winnipeg, Canada  March 26  transit to Winnipeg, Canada  March 27 - 31  Winnipeg, Canada (5) April 1  Champaign, IL  April 2  Ames, IA  April 3  Iowa City, IA  April 4  Chicago, IL  April 5 - 13  Champaign, IL (9) April 14  Urbana, IL  April 15  Los Angeles, CA  April 16 - 17  Ames, IA (2) April 18  Los Angeles, CA  April 19  Los Angeles, CA; transit to Urbana, IL  April 20  Champaign, IL  April 21  Urbana, IL  April 22 - 23  New Haven, CT (2) April 24  Beacon, NY  April 25 - 28  Amherst, MA (4) April 29  New York, NY; transit to Chicago, IL  April 30  Urbana, IL  May 1  Champaign, IL  May 2 - 3  Chicago, IL (2) May 4  Champaign, IL  May 5  Urbana, IL  May 6 - 8  Lawrence, KS (3) May 18  Los Angeles, CA  May 20  Beverly Hills, CA  May 31  Los Angeles, CA  June 1  Copenhagen, Denmark  June 2 - 4  London, England (3) June 5 - 14  Rome, Italy (10) June 15 - 19  Naples, Italy (5) June 20 - 21  Rome, Italy (2) June 22 - 23  Padua, Italy (2) June 24  Cortina, Italy  June 25  Ravienna and Ferrara, Italy  June 26  Venice, Italy  June 27  Padua, Italy  June 28 - July 2  Florence, Italy (5) July 3  Rome, Italy; transit to Copenhagen, Denmark  July 4  Los Angeles, CA  August 1  Berkeley, CA  October 14  San Luis, CA  October 15 - 18  Oberlin, OH (4) October 19  Cleveland, OH  October 20  Los Angeles, CA  October 22  New York City, NY  October 29  Los Angeles, CA  October 30  Brooklyn, NY  November 5  Richland, WA  November 6  Pullman, WA  November 7  Spokane, WA  November 8  Seattle, WA  November 10  Salem, OR  November 27  San Fernando, CA  November 30  Los Angeles, CA  December 2  Riverside, CA; transit to Claremont, CA  December 13 - 15  Boston, MA (3)

See the Paulings' activities in January 1956 Snapshot Ava Helen Pauling. 1950s. Larger Image / More Information Statistics 3559 activity listings 53 scanned documents 110 full-text transcripts

Activity Listings - 1956 (No Date)

• "Paternal age and stillbirth rate in Man," T. M. Sonneborn of Indiana University. From Rec. of Gen. Soc. of Amer., #25: 1956: p. 661 [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1956), #379.4]
• "The Action of the Matrix in Nonrandom Polymerization Processes of Biological Systems" by Don Ridgeway. The University of Rochester: Rochester, New York. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (R: Correspondence, 1956), #341.2]
• "Tooling for Inhumanity" by Ella Winter RE: Presents a proposal for a pamphlet to be created for the Union of Democratic control. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (W: Correspondence, 1956), #444.4]
• A simple theoretical treatment of alkali halide gas molecules (Paper read at the Silver Jubilee Session of the National Academy of Sciences of India, December 27, 1955). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (India) 25 (1956): 1-5. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.4]
• Advertisement: "Perspectives in Organic Chemistry," Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: (LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960), Box #6.007, Folder #7.2]
• Article: "Effects of Limited Tocopherol Intake in Man with Relationships to Erythrocyte Hemolysis and Lipid Oxidations" by M. K. Horwitt, C. C. Harvey, G. D. Duncan, and W. C. Wilson. Printed in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. [Filed under LP Science: Box #11.073, Folder #73.1]
• Article: "The Metabolism of Vitamin E" by Eric J. Simon, Anne Eisengart, Lila Sundheim, Ade T. Milhorat., Printed in the Journal of Biological Chemistry [Filed under LP Science: Box #11.073, Folder #73.1]
• Biographic Information on Constantinos Thsodosaios Kawassiades. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1956), #200.21]
• Bound Report: "Annual Progress Report for the Calendar Year 1956 — The Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides", California Institute of Technology, Contract Nonr 220(05) (Chemistry 32). [Filed under LP Science: Box #14.034, Folder #34.2]
• By _ki ni kanren shita ij_ hemogurobin bunshi. Tanpakushitsu kagau 4, Mizushima Sanichir_ and Akabori Shir_, eds. Tokyo: Ky_ritsu Shuppan, 1956. [Harvey A. Itano and Linus Pauling] [Note: This article was later revised, expanded and published as Abnormal hemoglobin molecules in relation to disease. Svensk Kemisk Tidskrift 69 (1957): 509-523.] [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.16]
• Card from the National Nephrosis Foundation, Inc. RE: Acknowledges a contribution by LP to the foundation in honor of Optrow-Mihrng Concert. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (O: Correspondence, 1956), #300.18]
• Contribution to: 62 Prominent Men and Women Express their Views on Disarmament. Warsaw: Polish Radio International Free Forum of the Air, 1956, 42. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.15]
• Correspondence: from Domenico Marotta, Società Chimica Italiana, (in Italian), 1 ?, 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.13]
• Correspondence: from S.J. Salisbury, [re: thanks for sending copy of Nobel lecture] 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1951-1955: Box #6.006, Folder #6.67]
• Engagement book, brown, 1956. [contains mementos and assorted notes re: health] [Filed under AHP: Calendars, Engagement Books, and Notebooks, 1920-1960: Box #3.005, Folder #5.7]
• Honor: L'Union Rationaliste, Paris, France. Correspondence indicating honorary membership, 1956. [Filed under LP Awards & Honors: 1956h.5]
• Information Booklet: National Science Foundation, Senior Postdoctoral Fellowships. Announcements of awards will be made on October 16, 1956. [Filed under LP Science: National Science Foundation: Correspondence, 1947, 1951-1989: Box #14.029, Folder #29.3]
• Journal Article: "Biochemie: Molekular-Krankheiten," Selecta, (1956):877. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1956n.17]
• LP Spiral Notebook: labeled "NCB," but contains LP notations on a wide variety of topics, 1956. [?] [Filed under LP Science: Box #3.006, Folder 6.1]
• Letter from Clarence E. Pickett, Chairman of Ad Hoc Committee to Abolish HUAC to Friend RE: Discusses efforts to select a group of people willing to work and vote for the abolition of the HUAC. Describes the need for volunteers and funding and asks for monetary contributions to the effort. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (P: Correspondence, 1956), #313.4]
• Letter from Dr. Sylvia Jackson to Dora E. Young, Executive Secretary, The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, RE: Informs that she has enclosed her proposed program of research and biographical sketch. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation-Scientific Advisory Committee: Postdoctoral Biomedical Research Fellowship Applicants, 1956-1957: Box #15.005, Folder #5.7]
• Letter from Roger Barry of Student Affiliates of the American Chemical Society to Gentlemen RE: Requests information on graduate students in Chemistry at universities. [Letter from LP to Barry October 30, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (B: Correspondence, 1956), #38.2]
• Letter from S.D. Cornell, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Foundation RE: Announces that the National Science Foundation has announced a second 1956 program of postdoctoral fellowships and briefly explains the awards. Asks that they inform people who might wish to apply of the program. Encloses descriptive information about the program. [Filed under LP Science: National Science Foundation: Correspondence, 1947, 1951-1989: Box #14.029, Folder #29.3]
• Letter from Shiro Takashma of University of Minnesota to LP RE: Thanks LP for pointing out corrections in his paper on the oxygen equilibrium of horse hemoglobin. Discusses his work on dielectric properties of hemoglobin. [Letter from LP to Takashama January 16, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (T: Correspondence, 1956), #411.1]
• Letter from Stanton A. Coblentz to LP RE: Encloses his reprint, "H-Bombs - New Maginot Line" for LP to consider. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1956), #74.24]
• Memo from Edward C. Curnen to Participants and Guests, Ross Laboratories Conference, RE: Outlines details of the conference on etiologic factors in mental retardation. [Letter from Curnen to LP October 18, 1956, Letter from LP to Curnen November 5, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (C: Correspondence, 1956), #74.24]
• Modern structural chemistry (Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1954). in Les Prix Nobel en 1954, M. G. Liljestrand, ed., (Stockholm: A. Norstedt och Söner, 1955), 91-99.
• Newspaper Article: "Visiting Students Assist at Nuptials," Publication Unknown, 1956. [Filed under LP Newspaper Clippings: 1956n.18]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Caltech Gets $450,000 for Mental Study," Publication Unknown, August [?] 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.15]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Dr. Linus Pauling Named Visiting Professor at UI," Publication Unknown, 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.9]
• Newspaper Clipping: [in Japanese?], Publication Unknown, 1956. [Filed under LP Biographical: LP Scrapbooks, 1956-1960: Box #6.007, Folder #7.24]
• Note from Brahama Datta Sharma to LP RE: Thanks LP for the opportunity to meet him. Expresses interest in post-doctoral work at Caltech and encloses a summary of his education and work. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1956), #379.4]
• Note from Gene M. Gray, Maimonides Hospital of Brooklyn to LP RE: Gray informs LP that he is now in a good position and that he would like to keep in touch with LP and one day meet him. Gray would like to send LP copies of his soon-to-be publications on atherosclerosis. [Letter from LP to Gray June 5, 1956] [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975: Box #14.015, Folder #15.4]
• Note from Helen Margras to LP RE: Vaguely describes a health condition she suffers from. Discusses papers she has written describing her struggle and asks for LP's assistance in obtaining a grant to fund the publication of a book. [Letter from LP to Margras June 5, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1956), #257.1]
• Note from LP to himself RE: Discusses Structure Reports in the aluminum octahedron. [Filed under LP Science: Box #10.003, Folder #3.9]
• Note from LP to himself RE: Talks about the three forms of MnS. [Filed under LP Science: Box #10.003, Folder #3.9]
• Note from Lina Litinskaya Weinbaum to LP RE: Requests that LP answer her letters. Discusses issues of personal interest. [Letter from Weinbaum to LP November 16, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Litinskaya (Weinbaum), Lina, 1956), #433.9]
• Note from Marshal Fichman to LP RE: Discusses his first semester at UC Berkeley. Says he was unable to get permission to work on a project suggested by LP regarding the combination of "heme" with "p-cyano-benzoic acid." [Letter from LP to Fichman July 26, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (F: Correspondence, 1956), #128.21]
• Note from R. Buckminister Fuller to LP RE: Asks if he would be able to meet with LP while in California next week. [Letter from LP to Fuller March 12, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (Fuller, Buckminister), #121.4]
• Note from The Consul General of Israel and Mrs. Biran to LP RE: Invites LP to attend the Israel Independence Day Reception in April. [Letter from LP to Biran April 17, 1956] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (I: Correspondence, 1956), #185.17]
• Note of Research Project, "Biochemical Studies on Mammalian Histidine Decarboxylase and its Inhibitors In Vitro and In Vivo, as A Possible Approach to Inhibition of Histamine Production in the Body," by Dr. W. Hartman, under the direction of Dr. W. Clark, The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation-Scientific Advisory Committee: Postdoctoral Biomedical Research Fellowship Applicants, 1956-1957: Box #15.005, Folder #5.11]
• Pamphlet RE: National Science Foundation, Information for Pre-doctoral Fellows. [Filed under LP Science: National Science Foundation: Correspondence, 1947, 1951-1989: Box #14.029, Folder #29.3]
• Pamphlet [3 copies]: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975: Box #14.015, Folder #15.4]
• Pamphlet: "Abnormal Hemoglobins" by Wolf Zuelzer, James V. Neel and Abner R. Robinson, Reprinted from Progress in Hematology. [Filed under LP Science: Box #6.009, Folder #9.2]
• Pamphlet: "Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica", edited by Tage Kemp, and Gunnar Dahlberg, "Variations of Haemoglobin Synthesis in Man" by H. Lehmann. [Filed under LP Science: Box #6.009, Folder #9.2]
• Pamphlet: "The Hemoglobins" by Harvey A. Itano, reprinted from Annual Review of Biochemistry. [Filed under LP Science: Box #6.009, Folder #9.2]
• Pamphlet: American Philosophical Society, Officers, Committees, and Calender 1956-1957 [Filed under LP Travel: Box #1.002, Folder #2.3]
• Pamphlets: "Objectives, The Helen Hay Whitney Foundation," 1956. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation—Scientific Advisory Committee: Publications and Activities, 1947-1958: Box #15.001, Folder #1.4]
• Paper: "The Trefoil System: A Rational Technique for Color Organization," by Edward Friel. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (F: Correspondence, 1958) #129.2]
• Photo: Ava Helen and Linda Pauling sitting on the cabin porch at Deer Flat Ranch. "Linda and H.P. at cabin on Deer Flat Ranch 1956." Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.1]
• Photo: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling standing with Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (third from right) and others at the 1956 Avogadro meeting. Rome, Italy. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.2]
• Photo: Elizabeth Darling. "Elizabeth Adaline (Sedgwick) Darling 2nd wife of Linus W. Darling (at about 80 years) She died at 85" [On the back are brown marks from tape] Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.43]
• Photo: Head and shoulders portrait of Linus and Ava Helen Pauling, both smiling. Photograph used for 1956 passport. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #2004, #795] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.44]
• Photo: Linus Pauling Jr., Anita Oser, Linus Fowler and Ramona. Fairport, Ohio. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.41]
• Photo: Linus Pauling on The American Forum. "The American Forum NBC PHOTO by Elmer Holloway" Photograph by Elmer Holloway. Black and white print. [Ship #3746] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.38]
• Photo: Linus Pauling on The American Forum. "The American Forum, 1627 K Street NW, Washington 6, D.C. NBC PHOTO by Elmer Holloway Ava Helen Pauling" Black and white print. [Ship #3753] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.39]
• Photo: Linus Pauling on The American Forum. "The American Forum, 1627 K Street NW, Washington 6, D.C. NBC PHOTO by Elmer Holloway" Photograph by Elmer Holloway. Black and white print. [Ship #3755] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.40]
• Photo: Wedding photo of Crellin Pauling and Lucy Mills. Photographer unknown. Color print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1956i.42]
• Recommendation form completed by LP RE: Recommends Gerald Klaz for admission to the Harvard University Medical School. Explains Klaz's credentials and attributes. [Filed under LP Correspondence: (K: Correspondence, 1956), #200.21]
• Report, "The Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation," National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. [Filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1950, 1953-1956: Box #7.001, Folder #1.27] [Also filed under LP Peace: Materials re: Nuclear Fallout; Radiation Hazards, 1950, 1953-1956: Box #7.001, Folder #1.30]
• Report: "1955-56 Annual Report of the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation," 1955-1956. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation—Scientific Advisory Committee: Correspondence 1954-1959: Box #15.002, Folder #2.2]
• Report: "Proposed Research Outline," by David Platt, part of application for the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation-Scientific Advisory Committee: Postdoctoral Biomedical Research Fellowship Applicants, 1956-1957: Box #15.005, Folder #5.8]
• Reprinted in: Science 123 (1956): 255-258. [Filed under LP Publications: 1955p.9]
• Review of Valency and Molecular Structure by E. Cartmell and G.W.A. Fowles (New York: Butterworths, 1956). Science 124 (1956): 1213. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.13]
• Statement by Walter Baur, M.D., RE: Discusses James H. Jandl's application for a continued fellowship. Discusses his work and education. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation-Scientific Advisory Committee: Postdoctoral Biomedical Research Fellowship Applicants, 1956-1957: Box #15.005, Folder #5.2]
• Statement of Royalties for 1956 from W.H. Freeman and Company to LP for $26,515.52. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Tax Records, 1930-1956: Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]
• Statement of Royalties paid for 1956 from Cornell University Press to LP for $1,510.78. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Tax Documents, 1930-1956: Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]
• Statement of Royalties paid for 1956 from McGraw-Hill Book Company to LP for $630.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Tax Documents, 1930-1956: Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]
• Statement of Sources of Income for LP and AHP for 1956 [Also attached is LP's handwritten notes for sources of income] [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Tax Documents, 1930-1956: Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]
• Statement on Application No. 35: Luis Glaser, Ph. D., by, Walter Bauer, M.D., RE: Informs that he finds Dr. Glaser to be an excellent candidate for a fellowship and recommends him highly. [Filed under LP Science: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation-Scientific Advisory Committee: Postdoctoral Biomedical Research Fellowship Applicants, 1956-1957: Box #15.005, Folder #5.12]
• Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association College Retirement Equities Fund Annual Report. [Filed under LP Biographical: (Business and Financial: Insurance Documents, 1930-1991), Box #4.042, Folder #42.7]
• Testimony of Linus Pauling, Pasadena, Calif. in Security and Constitutional Rights: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to S. Res. 94, A Survey of the Extent to Which the Rights Guaranteed by the First Amendment are Being Respected and Enforced by the Various Government Loyalty Security Programs, November 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, and 29, 1955. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1956, 103-140. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.14]
• The USSR Academy of Sciences Inorganic Chemistry Journal 1956. From the author Makarov to LP RE: Written in Russian. The question of definition and general classification of chemical compounds. LP notes on front cover, "Makarov would like to have me write my opinions to him of definitions of chemical compound." [Filed under LP Correspondence: (M: Correspondence, 1956), #257.1]
• The electronic structure of metals and alloys, in Theory of Alloy Phases; a Seminar on Theory of Alloy Phases Held During the Thirty-seventh National Metal Congress and Exposition, Philadelphia, October 15 to 21, 1955. Cleveland: American Society for Metals, 1956, 220-242. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.3]
• The future of enzyme research (The Fourth Edsel B. Ford Lecture), in Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function, Oliver H. Gaebler, ed. New York: Academic Press, 1956, 177-182. Reprinted in: Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull. 4 (1956): 1-4. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.5]
• The nature of the theory of resonance, in Perspectives in Organic Chemistry, Sir Alexander Todd, ed. New York: Interscience, 1956, 1-8. [Filed under LP Publications: 1956p.10]
• Typescript: The Ascorbic Acid Depleting Effect of Lycorine in the Rat, by Tetuo Minesita, 1956. [Filed under LP Science: Box #11.017, Folder #17.1]
• Typescript: "Specific Hydrogen-Bond Formation Between Pyrimidines and Purines in Deoxyribosenucleic Acids," by LP and Robert B. Corey. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1956a.7]
• Typescript: "The Electronic Structure of the Phosphorous Pentachloride Molecule" by Jose Ignacio Fernandez, Verner Schomaker, and LP. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1956a.14]
• Typescript: "The Possibility of Errors in the Process of Synthesis of Proteins Molecules." [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles: 1956a.9]
• U.S. Individual Income Tax Return for 1956 for LP. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial: Tax Records, 1930-1956: Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]
• Withholding Tax Statement from University of Illinois to LP for $2,500.00 in wages and $399.60 in Federal income tax withheld. [Filed under LP Biographical: Tax Documents, 1930-1956), Box #4.001, Folder #1.10]