Major Events
- Pauling and Pressman with various collaborators publish the ninth, tenth, and eleventh papers in the series, "The Serological Properties of Simple Substances."
- In February, Pauling and Campbell announce that, as a result of three years of work, they and their collaborators have developed a successful substitute for blood plasma from gelatin (this substitute, called oxypolygelatin, was made under an OSRD contract).
- During the night of March 5 to 6, insults and a Nipponese flag are painted in red on the garage door of the Paulings’ home at 3500 Fairpoint Street. Pauling had employed a Japanese-American, George H. Nimaki, a returned Nisei evacuee, as a gardener. One of the insults states "Americans die but we love Japs." Pauling speaks out strongly against this "un-American act."
- On April 12, President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in Warm Springs, Georgia. Ava Helen in Pasadena and Linus on a train from Washington to the Allegheny Ballistic Laboratories receive the news with shock and sadness, since they were both active supporters of the president and his causes.
- In the spring, Pauling serves, together with eight other men from various American medical schools, as a member of the Medical Advisory Committee whose job is to help in the preparation of the Bush Report (about science in America after the war). Dr. William B. Castle, Professor of Medicine in Harvard University, tells committee members about the disease sickle-cell anemia. Pauling quickly gets the idea that the hemoglobin molecules in the red cells must be involved in the phenomenon of sickling and that the differences between the sickled red corpuscles and normal red corpuscles might be explained by abnormal hemoglobin in the sickled cells.
- On April 18, at a meeting of the Research Board for National Security (with several generals and admirals in attendance), Pauling argues that it is in the province of this board’s responsibilities to do research on how to avoid war.
- Pauling is cited by Dr. Vannevar Bush, OSRD director, for his contributions to the war effort, in particular for the experiments that he did on rockets for the Navy.
- Pauling becomes a member of CIT’s Executive Committee (he serves for three years).
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Roscoe G. Dickinson dies on July 13. Pauling speaks at a memorial service for Dickinson in the Gates and Crellin Laboratories.
- In August, Pauling becomes concerned when he reads in the newspapers about the atomic bombs that have been dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He begins giving talks about atomic bombs for local groups, initially restricting his remarks to the science and technology involved in the weapon.
- Pauling becomes a member of the board of directors of the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions (he serves as vice chairman from 1945).
- Some of Pauling’s lectures on the atomic bomb create controversy. For example, at a talk before the Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee in December, he makes the guess that there are perhaps a hundred or even two hundred atomic bombs in existence (we know today that Pauling greatly overestimated the bombs then in existence, and his estimate created skepticism even then). On another occasion, Pauling mentions in his lecture the amounts of uranium and plutonium needed for nuclear weapons, for he is appalled by how cheaply and easily they can be made. After the lecture, an agent from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) visits him, asking him where he has obtained his data. Pauling tells him that he has calculated the amounts from the available information in scientific papers.
- After a lecture before the Rotary Club of Hollywood in which he explains the nature of atomic bombs, he gives a similar talk before another group in which he discusses not only the nature of nuclear fission but also the transformation in the nature of war caused by this new weapon. After the lecture, his wife tells him that he was effective in talking about the scientific aspects of the bomb, but she says, "when you talk about the nature of war and the need for peace, you are not convincing, because you give the audience the impression that you are not sure about what you are saying." Pauling has said that his wife’s statements on this occasion changed his life. He decides to devote a large portion of his time learning about international relations, international law, treaties, histories, the peace movement, and other subjects relating to the whole question of how to abolish war from the world and to achieve peace. (During the following years, Pauling will give hundreds of lectures about nuclear weapons and the need for world peace.)
Chronology by Robert Paradowski.
Travel
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Cumberland, MD (2) |
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Chicago, IL (17) |
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Denver (4) |
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Washington, D.C. (5) |
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See the Paulings' activities in
January 1945
Snapshot
Linus Pauling. 1940s.
Larger Image / More Information
Statistics
- 1740 activity listings
- 53 scanned documents
- 116 full-text transcripts
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Activity Listings - 1945 (No Date)
- Booklet on “A General Examination For Advanced College Students” [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.029 file 29.2]
- Declaration of Estimated Income Tax by Individuals for LP and AHP for 1945. Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Entry in Notebook: Payments to Crellin for interest in “Christmas gift to E. Crellin Pauling, 1945" from December 1955 to March 1961. [Filed under LP Biographical: Notebooks re: Pauling Family History and Financial Records: Box #5.057, Folder 57.1, page 110]
- Individual Income Tax Return for Linus Carl Pauling and Ava Helen Pauling, for Calendar Year 1944. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Instructions for the Pauling Oxygen Meter Model K, Serial No. 3, Range 0-85mm. Two copies. [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.5]
- Letter from George D. Martin, Internal Revenue Agent in Charge to AHP RE: Encloses information of report regarding over assessment of Income Tax. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Letter from Linus Pauling Jr to AHP RE: Describes his plans for traveling home and instructions regarding his pocket watch. Talks about a girl, Betsy Mae Anne, whom he will see on his way home, even though he has never been infatuated with her. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. 1946-1956: Box #5.037, Folder 37.1]
- Letter from Linus Pauling Jr to AHP RE: Describes his trip home and includes a picture of Juleen and himself. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. 1946-1956: Box #5.037, Folder 37.1]
- Letter from Linus Pauling Jr to AHP RE: Says he didn't wait until Christmas to open the package of food and he really enjoyed it. He only has three weeks of school left and is trying to save money before his furlough. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. 1946-1956: Box #5.037, Folder 37.1]
- Letter from Linus Pauling Jr to AHP RE: Says that Lemoore is fine with excellent barracks, well stocked PX, swimming pool, etc. He will be there two weeks. Asks her to send gloves. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. 1946-1956: Box #5.037, Folder 37.1]
- Letter from Linus Pauling Jr to AHP RE: Sends home a box of clothes because he will be shipping out in a week. Describes his travel options and asks for some money. He was the honor student of the graduating class. He will be in the 4th Air Force in California and will be able to get home every weekend for about three months. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Linus Carl Pauling, Jr. 1946-1956: Box #5.037, Folder 37.1]
- Manuscript, Typescript: Why Should Evans Carlson be Damned... [Filed under: LP Speeches 1945s.9]
- Manuscript: No Title, [re: proposed biology research program at the California Institute of Technology], 1945. [?] [Filed under LP Manuscripts, 1945a.4]
- Meeting Minutes, Correspondence, Notices: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, C.I.T., 1945-1949. [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1946-1956: Box #1.020, folder 20.4]
- Molecular structure and intermolecular forces. in The Specificity of Serological Reactions (rev. ed.), Karl Landsteiner, ed., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1945: 275-293. Written by LP. [Filed under: LP Publications, 1945p.6]
- Newspaper Clipping: “Artificial Plasma”, Publication Unknown, 1945. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1941-1945: Box #6.004, Folder 4.9]
- Newspaper Clipping: “Chemists Find Gelatin for Use as Blood Plasma”, Publication Unknown, 1945. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1941-1945: Box #6.004, Folder 4.9]
- Newspaper Photo with Caption: “Make Plasma Substitute”, Publication Unknown, 1945. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1941-1945: Box #6.004, Folder 4.6]
- Non-Pauling Manuscript Notes: “Crystal Structure of Pure Metals, 1938-1945” [Filed under LP Science: Non-Pauling Materials re: Electron Theory and the Structure of Metals and Inter metallic Compounds, 1938-1874: Box #5.005 Folder #5.1]
- Page from Lights, Incorporated, titled “Research Division.”Gives short, one-page history of “Dr.” Cecil Z. Wawra, the director of Research and Development at Lights, Inc. No date or page number. (Handwritten note at top: “File under Wawra”) [Filed under LP Correspondence: 443.13]
- Pamphlet on the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. RE: Informs the reader of the purpose of the fellowship, and the fellows of 1945. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.19]
- Partial Typescript, Research Notes: The Serological Properties of Simple Substances. IX. Hapten Inhibition by Polyhaptenic Simple Substances [Filed under LP Manuscripts, 1945a.3]
- Photo: Charcoal portrait of Linus Pauling. “Linus Pauling by Frank H. Johnson Pasadena 1945" [Ship #1247] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1945i.3]
- Photo: Large charcoal drawing of Linus Pauling by Frank H. Johnson of Pasadena. Signed by LP. [Located in the Oversize Section] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1945i.7]
- Photo: Linda Pauling. “Property of Ray Huff-Richter Los Angeles” Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #811] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1945i.1]
- Publication: Chronica Botanica, Vol. 9, No. 4. "International Relations in Science, a review of their aims and methods in the past and in the futures." LP Peace: Box 3.017, Folder 17.4
- Report Card for Crellin Pauling for Grade 2 at Polytechnic Elementary and Junior High School. 1944-45. [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Edward Crellin Pauling. 1930-1995, No Date: Box #5.048, Folder 48.1]
- Report on Hypervitaminosis A. [Filed under LP Science: Orthomolecular medicine materials related to vitamin A: Box #11.066 Folder #66.1]
- Report on “L'avitaminose P.” By Jean-Louis Parrot, Paul Galmiche and Hubert Cotereau. [Filed under LP Science Box: Orthomolecular medicine materials related to other B vitamins, 1940-1979: Box #11.072 Folder #72.1]
- Review of Advances in Protein Chemistry, Vol. 1, M. L. Anson and John T. Edsall, eds. (New York: Academic Press, 1944) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 67 (May 1945): 886. Written by LP. [Filed under: LP Publications, 1945p.2]
- The Polytechnic Elementary and Junior High School Annual Announcement 1945-1946. Booklet regarding the school, including a list of current enrollment. [Filed under AHP Assorted Personal Materials: Box # 3.009, Folder 8.1]
- Withholding Receipt - 1945 for LP from CIT. Federal income tax withheld $2778.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Writes cheque to “Sophie. 3 wks work” $49.50 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.073, folder 73.4]
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1945