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• Article: "The World Problem and the Hydrogen Bomb", by Linus Pauling, New Outlook, May 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.51]
• LP. The World Problem and the Hydrogen Bomb. New Outlook 7 (May 1954): 6-12.
• Survey Form and Report: "Freshman Opinion Survey about Ch. 1, May 1954" [LP Biographical: Box 1.014, Folder 14.9]
• Typescript and Correspondence: Book Review of The Chemical Structure of Proteins, by the Ciba Foundation [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Articles, 1954a.6]

• AHP writes cheque to: Crellin Pauling amount $25.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Article: "The Oppenheimer Case -- Threat to American Scientists", by Carey McWilliams with comment by Linus Pauling and Norbert Wiener, Nation, May 1, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.56]
• Article: "The Oppenheimer Case...", The Nation, [includes comment by LP, "A Disgraceful Act..."] May 1, 1954. [LP Biographical: Box 2.036, Folder 36.21]
• Note from J. W. Davis, Borden Grammar School, England to LP RE: Inquiring if LP is the originator of the theory of electrolysis of slat solutions in General Chemistry, which he would like to use in a text-book he is writing. [LP's reply May 18, 1954] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1954, Box #98.19]
• Receipt of honorarium ($75.00) from Deep Springs [LP Biographical: Box 4.060, Folder 60.2]

• AHP writes cheque to: Manny's Landscape Nursery amount $22.25 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]

• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry amount $55.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Alden H. Emery, American Chemical Society to LP RE: Encloses a reprint “Starting Salaries” whose data was collected a year ago through a ACS survey. Asks LP to help them carry out a 1954 salary survey similar to the last one and describes what he needs to do, if he will participate. Encloses data sheets to be given to students who will be accepting positions in the spring. [Letter from LP to Emery May 28, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder 6.4]
• Letter from K. Otani to LP RE: Thanking LP for the answer to his letter and the copy of The Chemical Bond. [LP's letter March 17, 1954] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1954, Box #300.16]
• Letter from LP to Ben May RE: Thanking May for the clipping and suggestion to study gastric juices; sending May a copy of the new edition of General Chemistry under a separate cover [May's letter April 12, 1954] [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #244.5]
• Letter from LP to Bill Purves, Caltech RE: Thanking him for the invitation to Dabney House's annual spring formal dinner and dance, which the Paulings enjoyed "immensely." [Purves' letter April 20, 1954] [Filed under P: Correspondence 1954, Box #313.2]
• Letter from LP to Herman J. Getzoff RE: Thanks for letter of April 23, 1954 and notifies Getzoff everything is in order for upcoming trip to speak to the friends of the Weizmann Institute. [Getzoff's letter April 23, 1954; Reply May 10, 1954] [Filed under G Correspondence 1954, Box #140.18]
• Letter from LP to J. F. Foster, Association of the Universities of the British Commonwealth RE: LP provides a good reference for Ralph Spitzer [Foster's letter to LP April 22, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 2.034, Folder 34.4]
• Letter from LP to M. Levy, Israel Institute of Technology. [Levy's letter to LP April 4, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 2.034, Folder 34.4]

  3 May 1954

  Dr. M. Levy

  Secretary for Academic Staff

  Technion

  Israel Institute of Technology

  Haifa, Israel

  Dear Dr. Levy:

  I am writing in answer to your letter of 4 April, to give information about Dr. Ralph Spitzer, who has applied for the Professorship of Physical Chemistry at Technion.

  I have known Dr. Spitzer since 1937. He was an undergraduate student when I gave the George Fisher Baker Lectures in Cornell University, and he impressed me as being the best of the group. He was given an appointment as graduate assistant and later teaching fellow in the California Institute of Technology, and he carried on his work for the doctorate under my general supervision. Since obtaining his doctorate he has held teaching posts in American universities and has carried on research.

  I have considered him to be one of the best of the younger physical chemists in the country. He has had thorough training in chemistry, physics, and mathematics, and has also shown an interest in biological problems. His work in the field of molecular structure was first-rate. In this work he has shown considerable originality. One of the most valuable of his contributions has been that relating to the theoretical treatment by quantum-mechanical methods of chemical bonds that are subjected to strain through bending.

  Dr. Spitzer is an excellent lecturer, and I feel that he would be satisfactory in every way for the post as professor of chemistry.

  He has a fine personality. His wife is a pleasant and unusually capable young woman.

  Dr. Spitzer's career has been hampered by difficulty arising from the political situation in the United States during recent years. Some years ago his appointment at Oregon State College was brought to an end because he wrote a letter to the editor of Chemical and Engineering News suggesting that the controversy about genetics, involving Lysenko, might not be completely one-sided, as indicated by the newspaper accounts and statements published in this country. He suggested that American chemists

  Dr. Levy -2- 3/5/54

  might want to read an account of the arguments on both sides before reaching a final decision. It is my opinion that the Russian biologists have been more one-sided in their attitude than the American scientists were, but that Dr. Spitzer was right in suggesting that we should know about the arguments on both sides of the controversy, and I, as an alumnus of Oregon State College, attempted to get the decision not to reappoint Dr. Spitzer reversed. This attempt was unsuccessful, however, and Dr. Spitzer had to accept an appointment in a university, the University of Kansas City, in which there was practically no opportunity for him to continue his research. In consequence, his record of accomplishment is not so great as it would have been under other circumstances.

  I am well acquainted with a number of young physical chemists both abroad and in this country. I feel that I can safely place Dr. Spitzer in the topmost group of these men, and that I can recommend him to you strongly. He is an excellent teacher, and he has already made significant contributions to science. I feel confident that in a university department of chemistry, as professor, lie would soon be recognized as a man of distinction.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• AHP writes cheque to: Pacific Blind Products amount $2.59 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Abe Fadem to LP RE: Fadem encloses a short story he has written, "Martian Moxie," about the dangers of CO₂ with the hopes LP will help him get it published. [LP's reply June 1, 1954] [Filed under F Correspondence, Box #128.19]
• Letter from Bernard E. Scharr to LP RE: Complimenting LP on his reaction to the Oppenheimer case in The Nation [LP's reply May 10, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter from D. F. Fleming, Vanderbilt University to LP RE: Fleming encloses an article he wrote concerning the "dictatorial conduct" of the State Dept. in refusing LP's passport requests. [Reply from LP June 11, 1954] [Filed under F Correspondence, Box #128.19]
• Letter from E. K. Brickenden, M. C. I. C., Canadian Industries Ltd., to LP RE: Confirms that his committee has reserved a double room for him during the conference. [Letter from Wulf to Brickenden May 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.11]
• Letter from John T. Edsall, Harvard University Biological Laboratories RE: Enclosed letter recently approved by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences concerning the Gubser Resolution. [LP reply May 10, 1954] [Filed under E: Individual Correspondence, Box #106.5]
• Letter from LP to Ben May RE: Thanking May for abstract of paper (April 28, 1954); states that he believes the field of mental health will be revolutionized by "chemical attack" and wonders if this might be the appropriate field of investigation for him to take up. [May's letter April 28, 1954] [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #244.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Karplus, Oxford. RE: Tells Karplus that he will be visiting Cambridge in early April for a series of talks, and hopes that he could find it in his schedule to book a few weeks there at the same time to work on the book on quantum mechanics. Then asks of Karplus's plans for the next year and gives possibilities of where he can gain a fellowship as well. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts of Books, Unpb.7]
• Letter from LP to G. W. Wheland. [Wheland's letter April 21, 1954] [Filed under W: Individual Correspondence, Box #434.7]

  4 May 1954

  Prof. G. W. Wheland

  Department of Chemistry

  The University of Chicago

  Chicago 37, Illinois

  Dear Bill:

  I am sorry that my answer to your letter of 21 April has been delayed. The letter arrived just after I had left Pasadena on a two-weeks' eastern trip.

  I am pleased and honored to have you dedicate your book on the theory of resonance to me, and I hope that you will include the statement in your letter on the dedication page in the new edition of the book.

  Cordially yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Hugh. W. Handsfield, editor at McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc. RE: LP explaining that he wants one quarter of the royalties transferred to Karplus, and leave the royalty division ratio as before. So in the end Karplus will have 25%, Wilson 25%, and LP 50%, because that is how much work they respectively completed on the book. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts of Books, Unpb.7]
• Letter from LP to Miss Frances A. Benner, American Chemical Society RE: LP explains that his schedule is already so full that he cannot accept the invitation to be a speaker on the ACS tour. Thanks Benner for the invitation. [Letters from Benner to LP April 23, 1954, May 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder 6.4]
• Letter from Pat Du Bois to LP RE: Invitation to be in The Authors Club. [Reply from LP May 6, 1954] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1954, Box #12.20].
• Memorandum from LP to L.A. DuBridge, President, California Institute of Technology RE: Concerning workshop at the Chemistry Institute at the University of Wyoming which Professor Swift plans to attend. [LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.030, Folder #30.4]

• LP's reply: He does not recommend this paper for publication because there is no justification for the central equation. [Filed under C: Organizational Correspondence, Box #68]
• Letter from LP to A. L. Wirin of Wirin, Rissman & Okran RE: Enclosed check in amount of Wirin's fee [Wirin's letter to LP April 6, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 2.010, Folder 10.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Carl T. Chase, Secretary, Franklin Institute Branch, R. E. S. A., RE: Informs that he cannot accept his invitation. Suggest another date that he could speak on. [Letter from Chase to LP April 30, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.18]
• Letter from LP to Raymond K. Sheline. [Sheline's letter April 26, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]

  5 May 1954

  Prof. Raymond K. Sheline

  The Florida State University

  Tallahassee, Florida

  Dear Professor Sheline:

  I am pleased to have your letter and I look forward to receiving the sample of 5 grams of dicobalt octacarbonyl, prepared by Dr. Sternberg of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. We shall plan to purify the material as recommended in your letter.

  I thank you for the copy of your paper on the infrared studies of dicobalt octacarbonyl. I read the manuscript yesterday, and in the course of reading it I thought of another structure, which you have not considered. I have not yet carefully checked the infrared spectrum predicted for this structure, but I shall let you know as soon as this is done.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from W. Albert Noyes, Jr., Editor of The Journal of Physical Chemistry to LP RE: Cook's manuscript, "Band Energy Relations in Solids," enclosed for evaluation.
• Note from Fred Sanger to LP RE: Thanking LP for his congratulations on Sanger's F.R.S. Also, Sanger is anticipating LP's results from his work on collagen [Filed under S: Individual Correspondence, Box #357.3]
• Telegram from LP to Raymond K. Sheline RE: Additional structure for dicobalt octacarbonyl. [LP's next letter May 7, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]

• AHP writes cheque to: Poppy Cleaners and Dyers amount $4.08 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP writes cheque to: Beatrice J. Wulf amount $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Duncan S. Ballantine, President, Reed College, to LP RE: Invites him to deliver the commencement address in June. [Letter from Lp to Ballantine May 10, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from Herman J. Getzoff to LP RE: Regrets that he was unable to hear LP's Harvey Lecture at New York Academy of Medicine (April 29, 1954). [Filed under G Correspondence 1954, Box #140.18]
• Letter from John R. Van Wazer, Monsanto Chemical Company to LP RE: Requests copies of LP's work on the structural chemistry of phosphorus and its compounds, including "Bond Orbitals and Bond Energy in Elemental Phosphorus" if they have been written up. [LP's reply June 8, 1954] [Filed under V: Individual Correspondence, Box #425.2]
• Letter from LP To Alexander R. Todd, Cambridge University RE: Requesting a manuscript to accompany the publication in Proceedings of those of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to A. D. Hershey, Carnegie Institute of Washington RE: Requesting a manuscript to accompany the publication in Proceedings of those of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to Ellis Bolton, Carnegie Institute of Washington RE: Requesting a manuscript to accompany the publication in Proceedings of those of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to F. H. C. Crick, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute RE: Requesting a manuscript to accompany the publication in Proceedings of those of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to J. D. Watson, California Institute of Technology. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]

  6 May 1954

  Dr. J. D. Watson

  California Institute of Technology

  Dear Jim:

  I am asking the participants in the symposium on the structure and function of nucleic acids to send their manuscripts to Miss Mary D. Alexander, University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois, by 15 June 1954. I trust that you can meet this deadline. It will be all right for Dr. Rich to be a co-author with you, if you wish.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling: W

• Letter from LP to Pat Du Bois, The Authors Club RE: Declined the invitation to speak because of a full schedule. [Letter from Pat Du Bois to LP May 4, 1954, letter of response from LP to Pat Du Bois May 6, 1954] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1954, Box #12.20].
• Letter from LP to Rollin D. Hotchkiss, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research RE: Requesting a manuscript to accompany the publication in Proceedings of those of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Robin Hood, beware the Sheriff!" The California Tech, (California Institute of Technology) [LP Biographical: Box 2.011, Folder 11.2]

• AHP writes cheque to: Crellin Pauling amount $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Application for Research Grant RE: Applying for a grant from the NIH. Title of project is “Investigations of the Chemistry of Blood,” with LP as the principal investigator. Application made for an amount of $8,640.00 for the period from November 1, 1954 through October 31, 1955. [Memorandum from LP to Walter May 11, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (United States Public Health Service: Assorted Grants, 1954-1964), Box #14.042, Folder 42.1]
• Letter from F. T. Wall to LP RE: Requests LP's address while in Hanover so he can arrange to meet him there [LP's reply June 9, 1954] [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]
• Letter from Harry Pierce, Everybody's Committee to Outlaw War to LP RE: Inviting LP to be the Committee spokesman at the Presidential Conference at the upcoming meeting [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.011, Folder 11.10]
• Letter from LP to Mary D. Alexander, Production Editor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences RE: LP sends a list of the contributors to the symposium on nucleic acids who will be sending manuscripts to Proceedings.[Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to Raymond K. Sheline. [Sheline's reply May 14, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]

  7 May 1954

  Professor Raymond K. Sheline

  Department of Chemistry

  Florida State University

  Tallahassee, Florida

  Dear Professor Sheline:

  I hope that my telegram has not caused you great inconvenience. I decided to send it to you when I had reached the conclusion that the structure described in the telegram with Vd symmetry, would give rise to one stretching frequency of the bridging carbonyl groups, and three stretching frequencies, active in the infrared, of the non-bridging carbonyl groups. I now find that I had reached this conclusion because I read a number out of the wrong column in a table in Herzberg's book. This caused me to decide that there were three different infrared active frequencies for the non-bridging carbonyls, whereas (unless I have made another mistake now) there are instead one non-bridging infrared active frequency and another doubly degenerate infrared active frequency. Accordingly the agreement with your infrared spectrum that I had thought to exist with the new structure does not in fact exist, and I suppose that your infrared observations eliminate the new structure.

  You might think it worth while, in any case, to mention this structure in your paper, provided that you have not yet read proof on it.

  I must say that I like the structure with four bridging carbonyl groups better than the other structures, in that the coordination is more closely similar to that for di-iron enneacarbonyl than for the other structures. It is true that the six bonds from cobalt to carbon are directed toward the corners of a trigonal prism, rather than an octahedron. Nevertheless, the trigonal prism may be just as satisfactory arrangement for the bonds as the octahedron. You remember that in molybdenite the trigonal prism has axial ratio very close to unity. This would make the rectangular face square, and no deformation would be needed in order to build up the new structure, with point-group symmetry Vd. I do not have any argument to indicate that this structure would be more stable or less stable than your structure III.

  With either the new structure or your structure III the cobalt-cobalt distance is calculated to be 2.6 Å, assuming cobalt-carbon = 2.0 Å and bond angles as in molybdenite. This is not an unreasonable value.

  [page 2]

  the iron-iron distance in di-iron enneacarbonyl is stout 2.5 Å. The same distance can, of course, be achieved with your favored structure if the bond angles are suitably chosen.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• AHP writes cheque to: Walter Fritts amount $17.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from William K. Viertel to LP RE: Requesting LP's views on the rejection of Mme. Joliot-Curie's application for ACS membership. [LP's reply June 14, 1954] [Filed under V: Correspondence 1954, Box #427.14]

• Letter from E. B. Wilson, Harvard University to LP RE: Statistical data about the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Wilson's thoughts on the issues presented in LP's letter of April 14, 1954. [LP's letter April 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Thanks for letter and money. Peter is searching for a research problem, possibly myoglobin, but is really interested in working on the structure of insulin. [LP's letter April 16, 1954; LP's reply May 20, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 5.042, Folder 42.1]

  9 May 1954

  Dear Daddy,

  Thank you for your letter and the money. I have put it in my account because I needed it.

  My plans will be somewhat influenced by Linda. I shall not buy a car because they are too much trouble and expense I shall go diddle in Italy a while.

  I do not think I am admitted subject to Mott's approval. I am now admitted none or less certainly.

  I am searching for a problem to work on really. I expect I shall work on Myoglobin and the testing of models. There is one obvious straight forward more or less and solvable problem that I would like to do and this is the structure of insulin. I expect I cannot though, because John won't let me for Dorothy, and I am unsure what Dorothy would think. The chemists are all in Cambridge, and we can put silver or mercury on almost any protein now with artificial S.H. groups. Our chemist even has some insulin lying about to which he has put on 2 Ag/6000 mol wt. I think by hard work and a lot of crystallization Insulin would f all out in a little while. Perhaps I can do it in two years in Pasadena. It is a shame, I would like to try it. Perhaps I shall talk to Dorothy. I do not much care about Barbala Low.

  Much love,

  Peter

• AHP writes cheque to: California Cartage Co., Inc. amount $4.99 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: L. A. Boiler Works amount $95.33 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Article: "Disloyal Scientists?", Newsweek [LP Biographical: Box 2.011, Folder 11.3]
• LP Notes to Self RE: Tetrahedral covalent radii; "Oldest dated minerals of Rhodesian shield"; "Molecular structure of fluorene" [Filed under LP Science: (LP Notes to Self: Scientific, 1941, 1945-1992), Box #10.003, Folder 3.7]
• Letter from Arthur B. Simon, W.H. Freeman and Co., to J.E. Holmstrom, Esq., CC LP . RE: Simon grants Holmstrom permission to quote the first paragraph of the preface of LP's General Chemistry in his own text. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Books, 1953b.3]
• Letter from Dennis P. Riley to LP RE: Thanks LP again for his hospitality during his visit to Pasadena and writes of his current job search. [LP's reply May 17, 1954] [Filed under R: Individual Correspondence, Box #329.6]
• Letter from Dr. Sam Naiditch to LP RE: Inquires if LP knows of any research/teaching openings available because personnel change at MIT has made it awkward for him. [LP's reply June 14, 1954] [Filed under N: Correspondence 1954, Box #287.21]
• Letter from Herman J. Getzoff to LP RE: Thanks for note of May 3, 1954. [LP's letter May 3, 1954] [Filed under G Correspondence 1954, Box #140.18]
• Letter from LP to Detlev W. Bronk, President, National Academy of Sciences RE: LP encloses copy of letter he sent to Dr. Mider of the Public Health Services concerning LP's work on abnormal hemoglobins and would like Bronk to see how it is received by the Public Health Services. [LP Science Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Bernard E. Schaar RE: Reply to Schaar's letter of May 4, 1954, thanking him for his support of his comment about the Oppenheimer case [Schaar's letter May 4, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. G. Burroughs Mider, Association Director in Charge of Research, National Cancer Institute. [Mider's reply May 12, 1954] [Filed under N: Organizational Correspondence, National Institute of Health, Box #285.2]

  10 May 1954

  Dr. G. Burroughs Mider

  Associate Director in Charge of Research

  National Cancer Institute

  Naitonal Institutes of Health

  Betheada 14, Maryland

  Dear Dr. Mider:

  During recent years Dr. Harvey A. Itano has been carrying on his work in the Gates and Crellin Laboratories of Chemistry of the California Institute of Technology, at first as a graduate student working for the Ph.D. degree under my direction, and later as an officer of the Public Health Service, assigned to this Institute, in order that his work on abnormal hemoglobins in relation to hereditary hemolytic anemias might continue to be carried out under my general supervision.

  You will recall that this collaborative effort led not only to the discovery that sickle cell anemia is associated with an abnormal form of adult human hemoglobin, but also that there exist other abnormal forms of hemoglobin, associated with other types of hereditary hemolytic anemia.

  This work is at present in a very interesting state. New abnormal hemoglobins continue to be discovered, and there is great need for additional physical chemical and structural studies of the hemoglobin molecules to be made. This work could most effectively be done in our laboratories, through a collaborative effort involving Dr. Itano.

  Some months ago Dr. Itano was informed that circumstances were such as probably to make it necessary for him to move to Bethesda. I am now writing to ask if circumstances might not have changed in such a way as to permit Dr. Itano to continue for some time longer to carry on his work in the Gates and Crellin Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology. I feel strongly that this field of work in hematology, which was originated by us and has been largely developed in these laboratories, would suffer severely if Dr. Itano were in fact required to leave Pasadena at the present time. I am accordingly writing now to ask that you reconsider this question.

  [page 2]

  In order not to embarrass Dr. Itano, I have not told him that I am writing this letter.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Dr. T. R. Wood, Stine Laboratory, RE: Discusses his travel and travel expenses. [Letter from Wood to LP May 17, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954.8]
• Letter from LP to Prof. John T. Edsall RE: Reply to letter of May 4, 1954, thanking him for copy of letter concerning Gubser Resolution. [Edsall's letter May 4, 1954] [Filed under E: Individual Correspondence, Box #106.5]
• Letter from LP to local board no. 92 RE: Letter of reference for Fred Anson. [Filed under A: Correspondence 1954, Box #12.20].
• Letter from LP to the President of Chulalongarana University, Bangkok, Thailand RE: forwarded letter to Prof. Thong Sook Bongsadadt of January 15, 1954 concerning possible lecture stop at the University [LP Awards, Box 1954h2.11]
• Letter from Lp to Duncan S. Ballantine, President, Reed College, RE: Informs that he is glad to accept the invitation to speak at the commencement. [Letter from Ballantine to LP May 6, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches 1954s.10]
• Letter from Milton Orchin to LP RE: Discussing the structure of iron carbonyls, especially Orchin's proposed structures for his upcoming article [LP's reply June 11, 1954] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1954, Box #300.16]
• Letter from W. H. Freeman to Alfred Stern, cc: LP RE: Requesting Stern prepare a scientific German textbook for them to publish [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]

• Memorandum from LP to Dean Bacher, C. I. T., RE: Informs that he is to be reimbursed for half of his plane fare from the travel fund. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.030, Folder #30.8]
• Letter from A. D. Hershey, Carnegie Institution of Washington to LP RE: Declining LP's invitation to submit a manuscript for publication in Proceedings of the NAS in conjunction with the nucleic acid symposium. [LP's letter May 6, 1954; LP's reply May 17, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from A. R. Todd to LP RE: Thanking him for letter and hopes that he will see him during his trip to the U. S. [LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under T: Individual Correspondence, Box #407.6]---
• Letter from LP to Jos Ignacio Fernndez RE: Reply to Fernndez's letter; LP has not begun work on the preparation of Fernndez's studies on PCl₅; news about occurrences in LP's lab. [Fernndez's letter April 29, 1954] [Filed under F Correspondence, Box #128.19]
• Letter from LP to Prof. George Martin Brown, The Technological Institute, Northwestern University, RE: Informs that he now accepts the invitation to take part in the conference of the American Society for Engineering Education. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.15]
• Letter from W. H. Freeman to LP RE: Freeman hopes LP will be able to F. T. Wall while in the East to discuss Wall's work on thermodynamics [LP's reply June 1, 1954] [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]
• Manuscript Notes RE: Public speaking for scientists [LP Biographical: Box 1.014, Folder 14.8]
• Memorandum from LP to A. H. Walter RE: Encloses an application for a research grant, “Investigations of the Chemistry of Blood.” LP has talked to Anderson, who has told him that explicit approval need not be obtained from the committee. [Application for Research Grant May 7, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (United States Public Health Service: Assorted Grants, 1954-1964), Box #14.042, Folder 42.1]
• Relation D(n) = D(1) - A log n [RNB 27]

• AHP writes check to: A. C. Vromann amount $3.05 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes check to: Mira Loma Mutual Water Co. amount $14.07 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: A. A. U. N., Pasadena amount $3.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Adohr Milk Farms amount $9.19 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: All American Maintenance Co., Inc. amount $30.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Athenaeum (Caltech) amount $24.36 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Bullock's Pasadena amount $16.66 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Fashion Cleaners amount $6.80 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co. amount $9.31 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Richfield Oil Corporation amount $3.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Robert I. Boyd amount $6.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern California Edison Co. amount $29.30 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: The Apothecary Shop amount $8.03 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Tide Water Associated Oil Company amount $24.75 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: William Bawden amount $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Ben May to LP RE: Enclosed letter rom Dr. Seymour Kety and item from the New York Times. [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #244.5]
• Letter from Dr. G. Burroughs Mider, Associate Director in Charge of Research, National Cancer Institute to LP RE: Reply to LP's request that Itano remain at Caltech. Mider states as long as Itano remains an officer of the Public Health Service he must transfer to Maryland, however he could chose to work at Caltech under other auspices. [Letter from LP May 10, 1954] [Filed under N: Organizational Correspondence, National Institute of Health, Box #285.2]
• Letter from Francis Crick, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn to LP RE: Crick will have his manuscript for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finished by mid-June. He also mentions he suggested Rosalind Franklin visit LP's lab in September and inquires if LP will be in England next year. [LP's letter May 6, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from L. P. Miller, Riders Limited Manufacturing Chemists and Pharmacists to LP RE: Asking whether it would be advisable to use deuterium oxide in ointments and face packs [LP's reply May 17, 1954] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1954, Box #256.5]
• Letter from LP to Detlev W. Bronk, President, National Academy of Sciences RE: Informing Bronk of the outcome of LP's hearings on clearance. The matter has been dropped as the problem was due to the error of the Personnel Officer at California Institute of Technology. [LP Biographical: Box 2.010, Folder 10.2]
• Letter from LP to Detlev W. Bronk, President, National Academy of Sciences RE: Notifying Bronk that LP has prepared an application for a research grant for Public Health Services for $8640 for the period November 1, 1954 to October 31, 1955 for continuation of his work on abnormal hemoglobin. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ernest M. Allen, National Institutes of Health RE: Has asked that his application for “Investigations of the Chemistry of Blood” for a sum of $8,640 be considered before the normal time of October 1954. LP explains that this work was supported since 1946 through other grants and that he has a Research Fellow waiting appointment. [Letter from Allen to LP May 19, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (United States Public Health Service: Assorted Grants, 1954-1964), Box #14.042, Folder 42.1]
• Letter from LP to Marcus Hobbs, Duke University. [Hobbs' letter April 30, 1954; reply May 14, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]

  12 May 1954

  Professor Marcus E. Hobbs, Chairman

  Department of Chemistry

  Duke University

  Durham, North Carolina

  Dear Professor Hobbs:

  I was shocked to learn from the local newspaper about the death of Professor Fritz London, whom I had known very well nearly thirty years ago, in Germany and Switzerland. I had great admiration for him.

  As to a theoretical chemist whom you might appoint, and who has interests along general lines of the work that Coulson and others have been carrying out, I am pleased to be able to five a strong recommendation to each of two young men who have worked with me. These men are Dr. Martin Karplus and Mr. Gary Felsenfeld. Each of them has, during his period as a graduate student here, carried on theoretical work, the application of quantum mechanical methods to chemical problems. Dr. Karplus received his Ph.D. last June. He was awarded a National Science Foundation Post-doctoral Fellowship, and at the present time he is working in Oxford, with Professor Coulson. His fellowship has been extended for another year, and presumably he would not be available for appointment until the fall of 1955. I may mention that Professor B. Bright Wilson, Jr. and I have asked him to collaborate with us in the preparation of a second edition of our book Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, with Applications to Chemistry and Physics.

  Mr. Gary Felsenfeld is scheduled to receive his Ph.D. degree this June. He also has been awarded a post-doctoral fellowship by the National Science Foundation, and he will spend the coming year with Coulson in Oxford. He also would, then, not be available to take up residence in Durham until the fall of 1955. You may have noticed a paper by him in the last issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, dealing with the theory of ferromagnetism.

  I am not able to distinguish between Karplus and Felsenfeld with respect either to their ability or to their personal characteristics. Both of them are outstanding men, thoroughly trained in chemistry, physics, mathematics, and related subjects. They both have a thoroughly sound feeling for experiment, but are primarily interested in chemical theory. Each of them is an excellent lecturer, with a fine personality. I should be glad to see either one of them as a member of our own staff, if we had a suitable opening. I expect each of them to become a leading theoretical chemist during future years.

  If you would like to have additional information about either one of these men, please let me know.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman, W.H. Freeman and Co., RE: LP has received a letter from Dr. W. Foerst, in which he says that Friedrich Helfferich is going to translate General Chemistry into German. He also included copies of three reviews of the American edition, which LP has translated and sent along. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Books, 1953b.2]
• Letter from Martin Karplus to LP RE: Reply to letters of 3-8, May 4, 1954. Karplus will be in Pasadena after NSF fellowship is through; will spend some time at Oxford working on book; requests more details on the position opening at Johns Hopkins. [LP reply May 18, 1954] [Filed under K: Individual Correspondence, Box #197.6]
• Letter from Rollin D. Hotchkiss, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research to LP RE: Declining LP's request to submit a manuscript for publication in conjunction with the National Academy of Sciences symposium on nucleic acids. [LP's letter May 6, 1954; LP's reply May 17, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]

• AHP writes cheque to: Poppy Cleaners and Dyers amount $5.06 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Bulletin: "Security and Loyalty in Relation to Public Health Grants", Federation of American Scientists, Information Bulletin No. 44 [LP Biographical: Box 2.011, Folder 11.4]
• Letter from A. L. Wirin to LP RE: Acknowledgment of LP's paid fee. [LP's letter May 5, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 2.010, Folder 10.2]
• Letter from Otto K. Behrens to Robert Corey RE: Reply to Corey's letter of May 13, 1954; will attempt to send glucagon crystals to Corey and LP, also supplies other information about the crystals. [Corey's letter May 13, 1954] [Filed under E: Organizational Correspondence, Box #111.14]
• Program: Spring Dinner Meeting, China Lake Branch of the Scientific Research Society of America, May 13, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.52]

• LP Notes to Self RE: "Proton magnetic resonance in an ammonium chloride single crystal"; "Hybridization and ionic character in the hydrogen chloride molecule";" The boron arrangement in a B₆ hydride"; "A smoothed-potential theory of chemical binding" [Filed under LP Science: (LP Notes to Self: Scientific, 1941, 1945-1992), Box #10.003, Folder 3.7]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf, Executive Secretary to LP, to Mr. E. K. Brickenden, M. C. I. C., Canadian Industries Ltd., RE: Informs that LP's reservation should be for double occupancy. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.11]
• Letter from Bill Shuhan to Mrs. Wulf RE: Request to send Contribution No. 1902 on to the Journal of Chemical Physics. [Filed under C: Correspondence, 1954 Box #74.22].
• Letter from Capt. Daniel L. Larsen, Army Medical Service Graduate School to LP RE: Discusses results of repeated experiments concerning infrared studies of hemoglobin and asks what time in June will be convenient for him to visit Caltech. [LP's reply May 18, 1954] [Filed under L Correspondence 1954, Box #230.20]
• Letter from Carl T. Chase, Franklin Institute Branch, R. E. S. A., to LP RE: Glad to hear he will address their branch. [Letter from LP to Chase May 5, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.18]
• Letter from Charles I. Campbell, National Academy of Sciences to LP RE: Referring to Campbell's letter of April 5, 1954 about selling back issues and volumes of the Proceedings. [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from Duncan S. Ballantine, President, Reed College, to LP RE: Requests an abstract of the talk a little ahead of time. [Letter from LP to Ballentine 5, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from Elizabeth J. Warnock, Director, Public Relations, Reed College, to LP RE: Asks for biographical information of LP. [Letter from LP's Executive Secretary to Warnock May 18, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from James A. Halsted to LP RE: Requesting donations to cover the legal battle over the unjust dismissal of Dr. John P. Peters (Yale) as a consultant to the US Public Health Service due to involvement with liberal activities. [LP's reply May 26, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]
• Letter from LP to W.H. Freeman, W.H. Freeman and Co., RE: LP says that he thinks the new brochure about his chemistry textbooks is very good. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Books, 1955b.5]
• Letter from Marcus E. Hobbs to LP RE: Appreciate recommendations in LP's letter of May 12, 1954. [LP's letter May 12, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]
• Letter from Miss Frances V. Benner, American Chemical Society to LP RE: Thanks LP for his prompt reply and hopes that it might be possible for him to address the sections in a subsequent year. [Letter from LP to Benner May 4, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder 6.4]
• Letter from Raymond K. Sheline to LP RE: Reply to telegram (May 5, 1954) and letter (May 7, 1954), thanking LP for alternate structure of dicobalt octacarbonyl, which has spurred them into determining alternate structures that more closely fit their infrared data (than LP's does). [Letter from LP May 7, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter from W. H. Freeman to Beatrice Wulf RE: Sending letter and framed comic strip for LP to open on May 20, 1954 [LP's reply May 25, 1954] [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]
• Letter from Warnock, Director of Public Relations, Reed College, to LP RE: Requests a copy of his commencement speech for publicity releases prior to the commencement. [Letter from LP to Ballantine June 5, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Memorandum from A.H. Walter to LP RE: Attaches a copy of Amendment No. 8 to Contract No. N6onr-24332 (Chemistry 27) which extends the period of performance through 5-31-56 and increases funds by $18,000. [Memorandum from LP to Walter May 19, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Contract Status Reports and Project Status Reports, 1947-1962), Box #14.031, Folder 31.17]
• Memorandum from David R. Patterson, Placement Office to Beatrice Wulf, Secretary to LP RE: Gives Wulf information relating to the survey conducted by the ACS. Includes all the candidates for different degrees in the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Divisions. [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder 6.4]
• Memorandum from L.A. DuBridge to LP RE: Suggests that LP and Mr. Green withhold the application for a grant to the PHS until he has had an opportunity to determine the present situation in regard to such grants. [Filed under LP Science: (United States Public Health Service: Assorted Grants, 1954-1964), Box #14.042, Folder 42.1]
• Notice of attached check from the California Institute Research Foundation as payment for royalties from the A. O. Beckman license, amount: $374.00 [LP Biographical: Box 4.060, Folder 60.2]

• Letter from Dr. G. N. Ramachandran, University of Madras to LP RE: Requests comments on paper on the structure of collagen by Dr. Kartha and himself; also request reprints on the structure of proteins from LP. [LP's reply August 25, 1954] [Filed under R: Individual Correspondence, Box #326.4]

• Letter from Ben May to LP RE: Reports minor error in General Chemistry [LP reply June 8, 1954] [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #244.5]
• Letter from E.E. Anderson to LP RE: thanks LP for visiting Deep Springs and invites him to return [Filed under A: Correspondence 1954, Box #12.20].
• Letter from Hugh W. Handsfield, Editor at McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., to LP. RE: Sending a new memorandum in which LP gets 50% of the royalties, and 25% to each of the other two authors. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts of Books, Unpb.7]
• Letter from LP to A. D. Hershey, Carnegie Institution of Washington RE: LP regrets that Hershey will not submit a manuscript for publication in conjunction with the National Academy of Sciences symposium on nucleic acids. [Hershey's letter May 11, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to Commodore William G. Greenman RE: tells how much he and AHP enjoyed visit to Deep Springs, also commends E.E. Anderson to Commodore Greenman for doing a fine job. [Filed under A correspondence 1954, box # 10].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Dennis P. Riley. [Filed under R: Individual Correspondence, Box #329.6]

  17 May 1954

  Dr. Dennis P. Riley

  The Royal Institution

  21 Albermarle Street

  London, W. 1

  England

  Dear Dennis:

  I am glad to learn from your letter that you will keep in touch with me about your situation. I know that you understand the difficulties of obtaining a senior appointment in an American university, because of the custom that holds in most universities and colleges here of making initial appointments of men in the junior positions, and then advancing them to senior posts.

  I am pleased to learn about the long manuscript that you are preparing on your protein work, and I look forward to seeing it. Also, I am glad that you feel that α is the favored configuration, and that the pi structure fits less well.

  I should like to ask a question about the radial distribution curve for collagen that you give in your Royal Society paper. I thought that I remembered that you had sent me a somewhat different radial distribution curve for collagen in an earlier letter, which I have now misplaced (if it existed). In particular, I did not remember that the curve for collagen had such a high peak at 4.7 Å compared with that at 8.8 Å. Are you planning to include a the discussion of collagen in the manuscript that you are preparing?

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling

• Letter from LP to E. B. Wilson, Harvard University RE: Questions whether the election methods of the National Academy of Sciences should be modified to more closely resemble those of the Royal Society. [Letter from Wilson to LP May 28, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from LP to E.E. Anderson RE: letter stating appreciation for visit and notification that AHP accidentally packed a student handbook, enclosed a paper on ferromagnetism with the letter. [Filed under A correspondence 1954, box # 10].
• Letter from LP to L. P. Miller, Riders Limited RE: LP states it is not advisable to use deuterium oxide in their products. [Miller's letter May 12, 1954] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1954, Box #256.5]
• Letter from Prof. Dr. E. Thilo to LP RE: Inviting LP to attend the meeting of the Chemische Gesellschaft in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republic (10-20 toOctober 23, 1954). [LP's reply September 8, 1954] [Filed under T: Individual Correspondence, Box #407.3]
• Letter from Rollin D. Hotchkiss to LP RE: Regrets that Hotchkiss will not prepare a manuscript for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in conjunction with symposium on nucleic acids. [LP's letter May 12, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from T. R. Wood, Program Committee, American Chemical Society, to LP RE: Informs that the treasurer will arrange for his travel reimbursement. [Letter from LP to Wood May 10, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.8]
• Letter from W. Albert Noyes, Jr., Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society to LP RE: Basu's manuscript, "Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Reactivity of Pyrones" enclosed for evaluation. LP's reply: He does not recommend this paper for publication because of numerical errors in his solutions of secular equations. [Filed under C: Organizational Correspondence Box #68]

• AHP writes cheque to: Reed College amount $35.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Interoffice memo from H. Borsook to LP RE: Discussing whether they should finance part of T. S. Work's trip to CA [Work's letter to LP March 16, 1954; Work's letter to Borsook May 19, 1954] [Filed under W: Correspondence 1954, Box #444.2]
• Letter from Casper Schutte to LP RE: Reply to LP's letter of March 15, 1954; Questions LP further about graduate studies and graduate assistantship at Caltech [LP's letter March 15, 1954; LP's reply June 8, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter from LP to Capt. Daniel L. Larson, Army Medical Service Graduate School RE: Reply to Larson's letter of May 14, 1954; early July would be a good time for Larson to visit the lab. [Larson's letter May 14, 1954] [Filed under L Correspondence 1954, Box #230.20]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Carl T. Chase, Franklin Institute Branch, R. E. S. A., RE: Confirms the date for his speech and suggest a subject on the structure of proteins. [Letter from Chase to LP May 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.18]
• Letter from LP to Dr. W. G. Palmer, University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge, England. [Response from Ewald June 1, 1954] [cc: P. P. Ewald response May 24, 1954] [Filed under A: Organizational Correspondence, Acta Crystallographica, Box #7.6]

  May 18, 1954

  Dr. W. G. Palmer

  University Chemical laboratory

  Cambridge, England

  Dear Dr. Palmer:

  I have been surprised by the nature of your review of my book General Chemistry, in the last issue of Acta Crystallographies (7, 381 (1954)).

  I myself believe that it is the duty of a reviewer to be candid in criticizing a poor book, and of the editor of a journal to publish critical reviews. On the other hand, because of the damage that he can do through a critical review, the reviewer has a special obligation to be sure that his criticisms are justified.

  A reader of your review might conclude, as I at first did, that you have found eight errors or points of serious criticism in the book. On examining them, however, I find that one of the eight is a deviation from customary nomenclature, and the other seven are not errors.

  1. You quote my statement "An important aromatic alcohol is phenol." This is an unjustified deviation on my part from the accepted nomenclature.

  2. You quote my sentence "Aluminum chloride, A1C1₃ or A1C1₃•6H₂O), is made by treating aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrochloric acid" in such a way as to suggest that it is erroneous. It may well be that the statement should be expanded; it is not, however, erroneous. Possibly you are objecting to my use of the term hydrochloric acid to refer both to the anhydrous gas and to its aqueous solution. Anhydrous aluminum chloride can be made by reaction of gaseous hydrochloric acid with hot aluminum turnings, and the hydrated salt can be made by reaction of aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with the aqueous acid. As to the use of the term hydrochloric acid for the gaseous substance, I may refer to page 167 of the English edition (1926) of Ephraim's Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry.

  3. You state that "Throughout the book there is a distracting confusion between the accepted meanings of the terms 'basic' and 'alkaline'." Neither my colleagues nor I are sure as to what you have in mind by this statement; you may be referring to some British usage. My dictionary says that basic may be defined as "showing an alkaline reaction". I have said on page 117 that a basic solution is also called an alkaline solution. Whatever the point is that you are making, it must be a trivial one.

  Dr. Palmer -2- May 18, 1954

  4. You say that my statement "Formic acid can be made by distilling ants" is a surprising statement. I do not know why you find it a surprising statement; the sane statement is made in many textbooks of organic chemistry, both old and new. For example, the English translation of Richter's Organic Chemistry, 1899, volume 1, page 225, contains the statement that formic acid is found free in ants, and may be obtained by distilling them with water. I am curious to know, in this case as in the others, what the basis for your criticism is.

  5. You say that "A reader should, however, be aware that he would be unwise in assuming that all the structures portrayed in the numerous interesting drawings are securely based upon published experimental facts", and mention the tetrathionate ion and hexathionate ion as an example. I am sure that these structures, as shown in the drawing on page 368, are correct (except for the orientation around the sulfur-sulfur bonds, which seemed too minor a point to discuss in this elementary textbook). As a man who has published a hundred structure determinations of molecules and crystals by diffraction methods, I am of course interested in your feeling that a structure can be accepted only after it has been shown to be correct by a diffraction investigation, but I do not have the same feeling myself I think that chemical evidence may also be reliable. I should be glad to learn what you think a possible alternative structure for the tetrathionate ion to be, and I could then tell you my reasons for not accepting it. Moreover, even if one of the many structures described in my book were wrong, would your blanket statements be justified?

  6. You say that it is disappointing that an obsolete formulation for bleaching powder should appear on page 269. I would point out that your statement is not really correct, because on page 269 I give a formula which is said only to approximate the composition of commercial bleaching powder. I knew about the determination of the structure of a crystalline substance present in bleaching powder, but I decided that it was not worth while to discuss the matter in greater detail.

  7. You say that on pages 11 and 431 there is a faulty explanation of the difficult term "component". My colleagues and I have not found this explanation to be faulty. It is true that I can formulate an argument that can be used as a criticism of my definition, but I can also formulate an argument that can be used as a criticism of any other explanation that I have read. If you would tell me what you find faulty about my explanation, and would also tell me the explanation that you prefer, I should be glad to discuss the matter further.

  Dr. Palmer May 18, 1954

  . You say that there is degeneration into imprecision in the unfortunate choice of the system hydrogen and bromine to illustrate a photochemical chain reaction on pages 410-411. My colleagues and I are unable to find any imprecision whatever in the discussion of this reaction. I selected this reaction, and the reverse reaction, for discussion after thorough consideration of the alternative photochemical reactions that might have been selected, and I decided that this reaction had advantages over the others, for my purpose. For one thing, there is no other photochemical reaction that is so well understood as this one, and that permits discussion with so little imprecision. This reaction is used as an example of a chain reaction in textbooks of photochemistry. During the 32 years that I have been on the staff of the California Institute of Technology a large amount of research in the field of photochemistry has been carried on here, and I have had the benefit of expert advice in the preparation of my section on photochemistry. I shall look forward to learning what the basis for your criticism is.

  I feel forced to conclude that you have not satisfied the obligation of being sure that your criticisms were justified.

  Yours truly,

  Linus Pauling:W

  cc. Prof. P. P. Ewald

• Letter from LP to J. W. Davis RE: LP is not sure who originated the discussion of electrode reaction in the electrolysis of water, but provides a reference to Chemical Principles by Noyes and Sherrill. [Davis' letter May 1, 1954; Davis' reply May 29, 1954] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1954, Box #98.19]
• Letter from LP to Martin Karplus RE: Reply to Karplus' letter of May 12, 1954; Confirms Karplus' travel plans and provides information about the position at Johns Hopkins. [Letter from Karplus May 12, 1954] [Filed under K: Correspondence, Box #197.6]
• Letter from LP's Executive Secretary to Miss Elizabeth F. Warnock, Director, Public Relations, Reed College, RE: Sends his biographical material. [Letter from Warnock to LP May 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from Theodore Shedlovsky, Chairman of the Committee on Grants and Fellowships to LP RE: offers $2000 fellowships available for work on creating criteria to evaluate the physical chemistry of surfaces to researchers at Caltech. [LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under C: Organizational Correspondence Box #72.4]
• Letter from William L. Simpson, Detroit Institute of Cancer Research to LP RE: Requesting recommendation for Dr. Morris Goodman [LP's reply May 26, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter to Richard Morgan from LP RE: Enclosed copy of Dr. Durham's reply to LP. [Filed under M: Correspondence 1954, Box #256.5]
• Notes RE: Grades. [LP Biographical: Box 1.014, Folder 14.8]

• Letter from E. E. Proskauer, Editor in Chief of Interscience Publishers, Inc. to LP RE: Questioning LP about the need of a new science journal concerned with Molecular or Physico-Chemical Biology and inviting LP to serve on the advisory board if such a journal is created [LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under P: Correspondence 1954, Box #313.2]
• Letter from Ernest M. Allen, National Institutes of Health to LP RE: Informs LP that special action cannot be taken on LP’s application because the Study Sections will not meet again until October. If LP’s application arrives by July 1st they can deliver a notice by November 1st. [Letter from LP to Allen May 12, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (United States Public Health Service: Assorted Grants, 1954-1964), Box #14.042, Folder 42.1]
• Letter from LP to Clyde Hutchinson RE: Notice of submission of a letter to the editor for publication "A method for Determining the Dissociation Energy of Nitrogen" by W.F. Sheehan. [Filed under C: Correspondence, 1954 Box #74.22].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Fred Ewing. [Filed under E: Individual Correspondence, Box #110.5]

  19 May 1954

  Dr. Fred Ewing

  112 East Los Flores

  Altadena, Calif.

  Dear Fred:

  I am writing to ask if you would think over the question of revision of the system of relating bond length in alloys to bond number and valence, and calculating single-bond radii for metals. First, inasmuch as I have abandoned the use of the saturation magnetic moment as a simple method of determining the valence in iron and other metals, some way is needed to evaluate the number of metallic orbitals per atom, and consequently the valence in metals such as copper. I have obtained one value, for alloys of nickel and copper, by assuming that the composition of nickel-copper alloys at which the ferromagnetic moment just reaches zero corresponds to an electronic structure with 6 valence electrons per atom and pairs of electrons occupying the remaining orbitals, equal in number to 3 minus the number of metallic orbitals. Extrapolation of the curve of saturation magnetic moment of alloys versus average electron number of the atoms in nickel-copper alloys leads to the composition 57 percent copper for this point. There are accordingly 10.57 electrons altogether, or 4.57 more than the 6 valence electrons, that is, 2.285 electron pairs. I assume accordingly that there is 0.715 metallic orbital per atom. This leads to the valences 5.57 for copper, 4.57 for zinc, etc., instead of the earlier values 5.44, 4.44, etc.

  Here the assumption is made that the number of metallic orbitals per atom remains constant. I think that we need to have some substantiation.

  Perhaps one way of deciding is to examine the magnetization curve. If the valence remains constant at value 6 (part of it can be due to 1-electron bonds and can contribute to the magnetic moment), and the number of metallic orbitals remains constant, the magnetization curve should be symmetric between chromium and the nickel-copper alloy; that is, its maximum should be at electron number 8.285, and the curve should have a vertical plane of symmetry at this point. It probably would be worth while to examine the data, such as those given by Bozorth, to see to what extent this is true. I remember having decided that the curve was rounded between a point about one quarter and another about one half way from iron to cobalt. The point midway between a quarter and one half is at 0.375, rather than 0.285. However, my memory on this point is not exact.

  Perhaps you can think of some other war of checking the assumption that the number or metallic orbitals remains constant.

  Next we have the question of the value of the coefficient to use in the equation connecting bond length and bond number. I had decided to use the value 0.600, the change from 0.700, which holds for the bond-order equation, being made to correct for the stabilizing, and hence bond-shortening, effect of resonance energy when the bond number is less than 1. Verner Schomaker has contended, from the consideration of boron compounds, that the constant should be much less, perhaps 0.30. I have made some studies that indicate that 0.50 may be about right, but I think that we should try to find as many arguments in support of the value finally accepted as possible.

  One way of finding the value of the coefficient is to make use of the bond-order equation with a correction for resonance energy. In the Proc. Roy. Soc. paper there is an argument to the effect that in the alkali metals resonance energy contributes an amount of stabilization equal to the bond energy. Accordingly the bond number must be doubled to obtain the bond order. I calculate that with ligancy 12 and bond order 1/6 use of the bond-order equation leads to a lengthening which would be given by the bond-number equation with bond number 1/12 by placing the coefficient equal to 0.50. A rough calculation that I have just made for the body-centered structure gives 0.48 as the coefficient. Perhaps the calculation for the body-centered structure should be made for each of the alkali metals, using the values for resonance energy given in the Proc. Roy. Soc. paper.

  I have tried to extend this argument to magnesium and aluminum. The calculation is attended by greater uncertainties, but values obtained are about 0.5.

  Another way of evaluating the coefficient is by the consideration of white tin. The value of the single-bond radius for sp³ tin is given by gray tin as 1.399 A. In white tin, with valence 2.57, there is resonance between the bivalent stats, forming p bonds, and the quadrivalent state, forming sp bonds, the latter contributing 28 1/2 percent. The single-bond radius for p bonds is estimated from the sequence antimony, selenium, iodine to be 1.45 of the 2.57 bonds formed by an atom, the quadrivalent state contributes 1.14, or 44.3 percent. The radius to use for the tin atom in white tin is accordingly about 1.427 A. This value, with the bond distances in white tin, leads to approximately 0.50 as the value of the coefficient.

  Perhaps the same argument can be extended to indium. The alloy of indium and tin, with 80 percent tin, which has the simple hexagonal structure, and is described in the last Acta, might also be used. There is, however, some uncertainty as to the effect of d character on the radius for indium.

  Another method that may be valuable is to compare the A1 and A3 structures with the A2 structures for the elements which exist in closest packing and also body-centered arrangements. I have checked up on titanium and zirconium, which lead to values about 0.5 for the coefficient. For iron a recent value of the lattice constant for the A1 structure at room temperature, obtained by friction on the surface of ordinary iron, is 3.60 A. This also gives a value of about 0.5, but the calculation is very sensitive to the exact values of the lattice constants. Lithium and sodium have been reported by Barrett to change to closest packing at very low temperatures, under the influence of mechanical strain. Unfortunately the lattice constants that be gives have an indicated error of 0.03 A, which makes them valueless for this purpose. I think, although I do not have the reference, that barium has been reported in both forms. A check of lattice constants for metals should be made, and might disclose some comparisons that might be valuable in this respect. I think that there may well be other methods of attacking the problem. Perhaps you would be interested in looking for them.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

  P.S. Here is some additional information.

  I have a reference for lithium under shear, -196º C, A1, A₀ = 4.41 A, C. S. Barrett, Phys. Rev., 72, 245 (1947). Structure Reports 11 gives some additional information, including A3 and A2, page 152. Also Structure Reports 11, page 182, gives information about A1 for sodium.

  Thallium A2 is said to have a₀ = 3.874 A, by H. Lipson and A. R. Stokes, Nature, 148, 437 (1941). This may be compared with the value 3.423 A for interatomic distance in A1, and 3.427 A (average) for A3.

  Perhaps a search should be made of recent literature to see what the best values of the lattice constants of metals are.

  L.P.

• Letter from T. S. Work to H. Borsook RE: Questioning whether Caltech wishes to have him visit during his upcoming visit to CA [Memo from Borsook to LP concerning Work May 18, 1954; LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under W: Correspondence 1954, Box #444.2]
• Memorandum from LP to A.H. Walter RE: LP approves Amendment No. 8 to Contract No.N6onr-24432. [Memorandum from Walter to LP May 14, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (Office of Naval Research: Correspondence, Contract Status Reports and Project Status Reports, 1947-1962), Box #14.031, Folder 31.17]

• Letter from Elizabeth J. Warnock, Director of Public relations, Reed College, to LP RE: Thanks him for the biographical material. [Letter from LP to Warnock May 18, 1954] [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from I. Moyer Hunsberger, Antioch College to LP RE: Hunsberger has prepared a manuscript based on material discussed with LP during his visit to Antioch College; manuscript enclosed for approval. [LP's reply June 1, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling. [Peter's letter May 9, 1954] [LP Biographical: Box 5.042, Folder 42.1]

  20 May 1954

  Dear Peter:

  I was pleased to see your letter, containing your ideas about introducing mercury into insulin. I agree that this would be a good thing to try. I am not at all sure that it is a good problem for a doctoral research. In any case, if you wanted to go ahead you would have to check with Dorothy.

  Mama and I made a trip to Deep Springs last weekend. It is an interesting place, but I think that the fifteen boys who are there might get rather lonesome during the long winter. We also stopped at China Lake; I gave a talk on hemoglobin before the chapter of [unreadable].

  I am going to give the Commencement address at Reed, and we shall accordingly have to leave Pasadena about 8 June. We plan to drive then from Portland to Toronto, where I am to speak to the Chemical Institute of Canada, and then to New Hampshire, and then home, arriving home about the Fourth of July. Linda has said that she wants to make the trip with us, but I am not sure that she will. I think it likely that she will be turning up in Cambridge sometime in August.

  I have received a form from the Secretary of the Board of Research Studies, issued 1 May 1954. It is not for me to fill out, but seems to have been sent to me for my information. Possibly it was sent to me just because I have an honorary degree from Cambridge. I note that a supervision fee of 5 pounds is to be paid each term to every supervisor for each registered research student working in Cambridge under his supervision. It mentions that some supervisors have returned the money to the research student, and the board deprecates this practice. Have you been making your payments regularly? I also note that the Board of Research Studies may remove from the register the name of a research student about whom they receive an unfavorable report.

  Corey and Marsh are just finishing the manuscript on the structure of silk. I think that there is no doubt that silk has a pleated-sheet structure. Agreement between observed and calculated intensities is pretty good.

  I have made a comparison of radial distribution functions calculated for the new collagen structure and the observed radial distribution function. The correlation of the two is not good enough to prove the structure, nor poor enough to show it to be wrong.

  Love from

  [Linus Pauling]

  P.S. I think I ought to have a copy of Lipson and Cochran, The Determination of Crystal Structures. Would you buy a copy for me. You do not need to send it to me now -- send it in a few months, after you have used it, and add the cost of it on to the bill for books that you will send me later on.

• Letter from LP to Prof. S. Mizushima RE: Inquiring where LP could obtain samples of Tussah silk [Mizushima's reply May 29, 1954] [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #248.6]
• Letter from Murray Vernon King, National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions to LP RE: Encloses a copy of Sokolov’s most recent letter in which he has proposed three additional questions. Gives LP two address for different book importing companies. [Letters from LP to King March 10, 1954, May 26, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (Materials re: Resonance Theory Controversy, 1949-1984), Box #2.003, Folder #3.1]
• Letter from Ralph W. Robertson to Caltech RE: Requests opinion on enclosed sketch. [Filed under R: Correspondence 1954, Box #340.19]
• Letter from Robert Corey to Otto K. Behrens., cc: LP RE: Reply to letter of May 13, 1954. Informs him that the best way to commence study would be for Behrens to send him X-ray photos of the glucagon crystals. [Behrens' letter May 13, 1954; Reply June 11, 1954] [Filed under E: Organizational Correspondence, Box #111.14]
• Letter from W. H. Sharkey, Treasurer, American Chemical Society, to LP RE: Encloses a check towards his travel expenses. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.8]

• AHP writes cheque to: Pasadena Star News amount $7.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP writes cheque to: Peter J. Pauling amount $125.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Magazine Article: "125^th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society", Science, May 21, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.50]

• AHP writes cheque to: Elizabeth Gillette amount $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Linda Pauling amount $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Larry Oncley, Harvard University to LP RE: Requests that LP write a seconding letter for the nomination of Dr. Barbara Low for the Garvan Award; enclosed Oncley's letter of nomination and Low's biographical and professional details. [Filed under O: Correspondence 1954, Box #300.16]

• AHP writes cheque to: Walter Fritts amount $31.25 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]

• Article: "Oppenheimer Case Weighed", F.A.S. Newsletter, May 24, 1954. [LP Biographical: Box 2.037, Folder 37.1]
• LP writes cheque to: Beatrice J. Wulf amount $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP writes cheque to: Prof. Fowler V. Harper amount $15.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Margaret Cooper (Sect. to W. H. Freeman) to Beatrice Wulf RE: Freeman will arrive in Arcadia with his family on Saturday and will phone the Paulings when he gets there. [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]
• Letter from P.P. Ewald to LP RE: Thanks for a forwarded copy of LP's letter to Dr. Palmer, concerning Palmer's book review of LP's book [LP's letter to P. P. Ewald May 26, 1954; LP's Response June 1, 1954] [Filed under A: Organizational Correspondence, Acta Crystallographica, Box # 7]
• Letter from Prof. Achille Russo, President of Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania to LP RE: Notifying LP of his nomination as an honorary member of the society. Accompanied by a note from the society's secretary general, Prof. Bruno Monterosso. [Letters of response from LP, August 12, 1954]
• Letter from Professor Achille Russo, Accademia Gioenia Di Scienze Naturali, to LP RE: [Printed in Italian] [Letter from LP to Russo August 12, 1954] [Filed under LP Awards: 1954h.1]
• Letter from Professor Bruno Monterosso, Secretary General, Accademia Gioenia Di Scienze Naturali, to LP RE: [Printed in Italian] [Letter from LP to Monterosso August 12, 1954] [Filed under LP Awards: 1954h.1]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Peace Group Hits H-Bomb", Pasadena (California) Star-News, May 24, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.52]

• LP writes cheque to: Acta Crystallographica amount $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP writes cheque to: Bennett Travel Agency amount $22.14 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP writes cheque to: C. I. T. Bookstore amount $10.01 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• Letter from Dr. B. S. Oppenheimer, Columbia University to LP RE: Asking LP's opinion (based on his recent Harvey Lecture) concerning work on the carcinogenic effect of imbedding polymer films in rodents. [Reply from LP August 25, 1954] [Filed under O: Correspondence 1954, Box #300.16]
• Letter from Duncan S. Ballantine, President, Reed College, to LP RE: Invites him to serve again on the parents' committee. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Letter from J. F. Postell, Hanovia Chemical and Manufacturing Company to LP RE: Questioning whether hydrocarbon insecticide is made commercially by a photochemical process [LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under P: Correspondence 1954, Box #313.2]
• Letter from LP to W. H. Freeman. [Letter from Freeman May 14, 1954] [Filed under Correspondence: W. H. Freeman and Company 1954, Box #439.12]

  25 May 1954

  Mr. W. H. Freeman

  549 Market Street

  San Francisco 5, Calif.

  Dear Bill:

  We have all been made happy by Peanuts and his Linus, and by you and Mr. Schulz - Ava Helen and Crellin and I, and also Mrs. Wulf and Mrs. Jackson in the office, end other people who have seen the strip.

  We have the drawing in our living room, over the fireplace, now. We like it so well that, although we would also like to send it back to you, we prefer to keep it. I hope that you do not mind.

  I am glad that you think that Mr. Schulz's idea of Linus has something in common with me.

  You have much reason to be proud of your accomplishments during the past eight years.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

  P.S. We are hoping to see you along about 1 June. Are you going to stop with us? We are planning to leave for Portland about 9 June - I am going to give the Commencement address at Reed, and then we are driving east, to be back early in July. LP

• Letter from Mrs. Anna Payne, Public Relations, Reed College, to LP RE: Encloses information about serving on the parents' committee. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1954s.10]
• Notes RE: Grades [LP Biographical: Box 1.014, Folder 14.8]

• AHP writes cheque to: Dawson Perry amount $7.50 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• AHP writes cheque to: Safeway Stores amount $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]
• LP's reply to Noyes: Unsure if paper is worth publication because it does not contain any new experimental results. [Filed under C: Organizational Correspondence Box #68]
• Letter from Albert Noyes, JR. Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society RE: Jones and Colton's manuscript, "Pauling's Theory of Intermetallic Cpds..." enclosed for evaluation
• Letter from George E. Farrand to LP RE: Robinson Fund-Regrets missing LP's report May 10, 1954; would like to arrange a meeting with LP and Beadle. [Filed under F: Individual Correspondence, Box #117.6]
• Letter from LP to Dr. A. C. Worton RE: Declines offer of alpha-tocopherol sodium phosphate [Worton's letter May 26, 1954] [Filed under W: Correspondence 1954, Box #444.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Murray Vernon King, National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions RE: Tells King that Sokolov’s suggested questions seem alright to him although their appropriateness will depend on how Sokolov discusses them. Thanks King for the book importing information. [Letter from King to LP May 20, 1954 [Filed under LP Science: (Materials re: Resonance Theory Controversy, 1949-1984), Box #2.003, Folder 3.1]
• Letter from LP to James A. Halsted. [Halsted's letter May 14, 1954; LP's letter to Harper May 26, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]

  26 May 1954

  Dr. James A. Halsted

  P.O. Box 25726

  Los Angeles 25, Calif.

  Dear Dr. Halsted:

  I thank you for writing to me about Dr. John P. Peters.

  I have sent a check to Professor Fowler V. Harper, at Yale University Law School. I wish that I were not so tied up with other matters as to make it impossible for me to do something about interesting other people in the matter of Dr. Peters.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to P. P. Ewald RE: Thanks for Ewald's work as an editor of Acta Crystallographica; $100 check enclosed as contribution toward the publication expenses of the journal. [Ewald's letter to LP May 24, 1954; Ewald's response June 2, 1954] [Filed under A: Organizational Correspondence, Acta Crystallographica, Box #7.6]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Fowler V. Harper RE: Check in support of Dr. John P. Peters. [Letter from Halsted May 14, 1954; Reply June 9, 1954] [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]
• Letter from LP to William L. Simpson RE: Recommendation for Dr. Morris Goodman [Simpson's letter May 18, 1954] [Filed under S: Correspondence 1954, Box #379.2]
• Letter from M. A. Tuve, Director, Carnegie Institute of Washington to Mary D. Alexander, cc: LP RE: Tuve submits "Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acid in Escherichia Coli" by Ellis Bolton for publication in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in accordance with LP's request to the participants in the symposium on nucleic acids; manuscript enclosed. [LP's letter May 6, 1954; LP's reply June 4, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]

• Invoice from Easibind for 23 copies of Journal of Chemical Physics, cost: 16.4 [LP Biographical: Box 4.060, Folder 60.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. W. Foerst, RE: LP thanks Foerst for his letter and asks that he send on any critical suggestions he may be able to gather. [Filed under LP Manuscripts of Books, 1953b.2]
• Letter from LP to Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. [Moe's reply June 3, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1953-1975), Box #14.015, Folder 15.2]

  27 May 1954

  Mr. Henry Allen Moe

  John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation

  551 Fifth Avenue

  New York 17, N.Y.

  Dear Henry:

  I am writing about Dr. Livermore, in Reed College. I hope that you do not mind my taking a continued interest in the Guggenheim Fellows.

  Linda wrote me that Livermore would not be able to go to England on his Guggenheim Fellowship next year, because he did not receive a Fulbright Fellowship, and the amount of the Guggenheim is not enough to permit him and his family to travel to Europe and live there. I know that the salaries at Reed are low - I have just written to the president about it, in answer to a letter from him asking if I could recommend one of our Ph.D.'s in chemistry for an appointment. I can understand that Livermore would not be able to supplement his Guggenheim Fellowship very much from his savings; he probably does not have any savings.

  Livermore is, I believe, a very good man. He is primarily a good teacher, but he has a moderate amount of reasonably interested research under way, too. He recently had a letter published in NATURE.

  I feel that the Guggenheim Fellowship should carry enough stipend to permit a man, with his family, to go to the place where he wants to carry on the work, and to live, and then to return home at the end of the year in essentially the same financial situation that he was in at the beginning of his Fellowship.

  I am going to give the Commencement address at Reed this year. Linda is graduating there. She has just finished her undergraduate thesis, and turned it in.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Ralph W. Robertson RE: LP returns sketch and cannot comment on it because he does not know what it is supposed to be a sketch of. [Letter from Robertson May 20, 1954; Reply June 7, 1954] [Filed under R: Correspondence 1954, Box #340.19]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling's Pendulum View: Improved Over Last Issues", by Linus Pauling, California Tech, May 27, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.52]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Pauling's Pendulum View: Improved Over Last Issues," California Institute of Technology (Pasadena) California Tech [LP Newspaper Clipping 1954n.5]

• Letter from LP to Alden H. Emery, American Chemical Society RE: LP encloses the data sheets for the stating salaries and other information for chemists and chemical engineers who are expecting to receive their degrees at the California Institute of Technology in June 1954. The names of the students are listed at the top of the page. Gives other general information about their graduates. [Letter from Emery to LP May 3, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1950-1964), Box #14.006, Folder 6.4]
• Letter from A. McL. Mathieson (England) to LP RE: Mathieson would like to visit LP's lab on his upcoming trip to America [LP's reply June 8, 1954] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1954, Box #256.5]
• Letter from E.B. Wilson, Harvard University to LP RE: Discusses election policies of the National Academy of Sciences. [Letter from LP to Wilson May 17, 1954] [Filed under LP Science: (National Academy of Sciences, 1952-1954), Box #14.020, Folder 20.3]
• Letter from Elmer Hutchinson, Director of the American Institute of Physics Translation Survey to LP RE: Questions LP about the desirability and feasability of producing an English translation of a Soviet science journal pertaining to physics. [Filed A: Organizational Correspondence, Box #10.5]
• Letter from Frederick D. Rossini, Chairman, Division of Chemistry, Caltech., National Research Council to Members of the National Research Council Committee on Physical Chem. and of its Subcommittees (incl. LP) RE: Rossini will turn over the Chairmanship of the NRC Committee on Physical Chem. 7/1/54 to Joseph E. Mayer. [Filed under LP Science: (National Research Council, 1950-1992), Box #14.028, Folder 28.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. E. C. Vaughan, Royal Military College of Science, England RE: Requesting reprint of Vaughan's paper on the heats of vaporization of elements, goes on to dispute some points of the paper. [Filed under V: Correspondence 1954, Box #427.14]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ignazio Gatto RE: Requesting reprint of paper on thalassemia and drepanocytosis. [Filed under G Correspondence 1954, Box #140.18]
• Letter from LP to Prof. G. Hagg, University of Uppsala RE: Issue of nomenclature in Hagg's recent paper in Acta Crystallographica dealing with tungsten. [Filed under H Correspondence 1954, Box #166.5]
• Letter from Peter Pauling to AHP RE: Thanks for box of dates and sea foam. He hopes Linda will come in the fall. Other personal updates. [LP Biographical: Box 5.042, Folder 42.1]

  28 May 1954

  Dear Mamma,

  Thank you very much for the nice box of dates and sea foam. I like them very much, but Sid and a young lady like them too, so I must fight for them.

  It is most unfortunate. The Kristensen's came here while I was away on a tour of England and Wales, and consequently I did not see them. The[y] walked around my room, which is in a very dingy street, and talked to the neighbor woman, as no one was home. I regret very much missing them. Perhaps they will return.

  I have written Daddy more or less when I should be free this summer, and am planning to have a little flat for Linda and myself next year. I hope she comes.

  You could have filled in the Poly questionnaire. It is still cold here, but the sun shines some of the time. The trees are coming out and the flowers. The land is full of daffodils.

  Odile Crick has a new baby girl. She is in Kings Lynn. Perhaps I shall go see her.

  Maria von Steir is in Oxford. She is angry with me, because I went off on a trip instead of meeting her in London. I have not seen her and she has not written.

  Much love,

  XXXOOO Peter

• Memorandum [never sent] from LP to Mr. Miller. [Filed under LP Science: (Materials re: Electron Theory and the Structure of Metals and Intermetallic Compounds, 1950-1955), Box #5.003, Folder #3.19]

  May 28, 1956

  "Not Sent"

  To: Mr. Miller

  From: Linus Pauling

  Subject: The β indium-tin alloy

  In the last Acta Crystallographica, page 364, there is discussion of β InSn. The authors say that their powder intensities do not agree with the structure that has been assigned the substance. I suggest that you prepare a single crystal, and check on the lattice and the intensities of reflection. I think that it is likely that the structure is correct, and that something is wrong with the powder intensities.

  Also, perhaps you would be interested to study the compound FeZn₁₂. This is the high-zinc end of the eta phase in the iron-zinc system. The eta phase is reported to have hexagonal closest packing as its structure. I remember, however, having seen a statement that a crystal with approximately FeZn12 has a very complicated structure. The melting point for this composition is about 800º C.

  P. S.

  The four phases in the system indium-tin would provide an opportunity for an interesting discussion of ligancy and bond distances. In the sequence from indium to tin, the four phases α, β, gamma, and delta have the following numbers of short bonds and long bonds, the long bond in each case being about half as strong as the short bond: 4,8; 8,4; 2,6; 4,2. Thus the ratio of the number of short bonds to long bonds alternates between values less than and greater than unity. 1/2; 2; 1/3; 2. The total ligancy decreases: 12; 12; 8; 6. I think that a study should be made of the Brillouin zones. The gamma phase is also in the mercury-tin system investigated by Professor Bergman. The interatomic distances for β phase are all right assuming the structure that is said to be incorrect.

  cc: Dr. Bergman

• Letter from E.E. Anderson to LP RE: thanks for the paper and returning the student handbook. Comments on theory questions. [Letter from LP to E.E. Anderson May 17, 1954, letter of response from E.E. Anderson to LP May 29, 1954] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1954, Box #12.20].
• Letter from Prof. San-ichiro Mizushima to LP RE: Reply to LP's inquiry of May 20, 1954; Mizushima will bring samples of Tussah silk and mature worms with him to LA on his trip to the US on June 30. [LP's reply June 2, 1954] [Filed under M: Individual Correspondence, Box #248.6]
• Note from J. W. Davis to LP RE: Thanking LP for his letter and deciding that they will reference the electrolysis of water theory stating it has LP's support [LP's letter May 18, 1954] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1954, Box #98.19]
• Typescript, Correspondence re: material for promotional leaflet, May 29, 1954. First Unitarian Church, [Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman] [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.001, Folder 1.7]

• Collagen [RNB 28]
• Newspaper Clipping: "Dr. Pauling to be Speaker at Daughter's Graduation", Pasadena (California) Star-News, May 30, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.52]
• Press Release: re: appearance of LP at Reed College commencement, Reed College News Bureau, May 30, 1954. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 6.006, Folder 6.53]

• AHP writes cheque to: Linda Pauling amount $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #2]