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• Article: “Felicitations, Dr. Pauling”, Chemistry in Action, November 1940. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1936-1940: Box #6.003, Folder 3.9]
• Bank statement from Bank of America: Account balance: $425.40. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Federal Union World, Vol 2 No 11. [Filed under Publications re: Union Now/Federal Union, Inc., 1940-1941: Box # 5.009, Folder 9.5]
• Note from Mr. James Shields to Dr. Schomaker RE: Informs Schomaker that he has dropped his N.Y.A. work and will now be working at Lockheed. Also informs Schomaker that if Dr. Pauling wants a replacement, he can write to Mrs. Newcomber. [Letter from LP to Newcomber November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #287.7, File: (N: Correspondence 1940)]
• November financial report for Pasadena Chapter of Federal Union. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.007, Folder 7.1]
• Telegram from Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Mandel to LP RE: “Congratulations and Best Regards” [Letter from LP to Mr. and Mrs. Mandel November 6, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence 1940)]
• The New York Correspondent Vol 2 No 9. Massey, Sherwood, Maugham Among FU Speakers at Big Rally Next Tuesday, November 26th. [Filed under Publications re: Union Now/Federal Union, Inc., 1914, 1939-1941: Box # 5.008, Folder 8.8]
• Writes cheque to “Nat. Geog. Soc. Dues 1941" $3.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.3]

• Federal Union Inc. Headquarters Bulletin No 6. Federal Union Adopts Clearing Center Policy. [Filed under Publications re: Union Now/Federal Union, Inc., 1940-1941: Box # 5.009, Folder 9.6]
• Letter from Judith Rooke, Secretary, Division of Chemistry, Caltech, to Paul Gale RE: Reports they have no information on precious stones and suggests he look at the Los Angeles Public Library. [Letter from Gale to Caltech October 29, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Judith Rooke, Secretary, Division of Chemistry, Caltech, to Pearce Davies, Jr. RE: Replies that they have no information on criminal chemistry and suggests he contact the fingerprinting department of the City of Los Angeles. [Letter from Davies to Caltech October 29, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Bruce L. Hicks RE: Replies that he feels that the experiment results described were mistaken, because abrupt changes in the properties of gas shouldn't occur. Notes he won't do x-ray diffraction to check the results. [Note from Hicks to LP October 21, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #165.5, file:(H: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Harris M. Chadwell, National Defense Research Council. RE: Finds the contract to be satisfactory. Has written to Conant telling him the apparatus has been constructed by Dr. Wood. [Letter from Chadwell to LP October 22, 1940, Letter from LP to Conant November 1, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Victor K. LaMer, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, RE: Thanks him for his letter of congratulations on the Nichols Medal. Notes that he and AHP look forward to seeing the LaMers in New York next March. [Letter from LaMer to LP October 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212.4, file:(LaMer, Victor K.)]
• Letter from LP to EC Watson RE: Accepts invitation to serve on special committee on physical education deficiencies. [Letter from EC Watson to LP October 29, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from LP to Frank Aydelotte RE: Thanks him for his postcard of congratulations on the Nichols Medal. Goes on to inform him that he is currently working on national defense research in addition to the normal work at the laboratories. [Telegram from Aydelotte to LP October 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #6.21, file:(Aydelotte, Frank, 1940-1956)]
• Letter from LP to M.R. Cannon RE: Replies that his reprint supply is exhausted, but that the material requested can be found in his book, “The Nature of the Chemical Bond.” [Letter from Cannon to LP October 28, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #74.8, file:(C: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. B. M. Schey RE: States that using the thermite for a chemical reaction in the paint would not provide long lasting effects to protect against ice on planes and that the methods currently in use are much more practical. [Letter from B. M. Schey to LP October 28, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1940), #377.10]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Curtis G. Benjamin RE: Thanks Benjamin for his letter about the Nichols Medal and expresses his wishes to stop in to see him next March. [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1941s.1]
• Letter from LP to President James B. Conant. RE: Is writing to ask for further information about the specifications which should be satisfied by the desired instrument for the measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen. Would like to know the exact conditions under which it is to be used before proceeding with the final design. Can say that they could construct an apparatus which would meet almost any reasonable specifications which were set. [Letter from LP to Chadwell November 1, 1940, Telegram from Chadwell to LP November 4, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor E. C. Gilbert, Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Oregon State College RE: Thanks Gilbert for letter of October 25 and “Barometer” clipping. [Letter from Gilbert to LP October 25, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #298.2, File: (Oregon State College/Oregon State University)]
• Magazine Article: “Award of the William H. Nichols Medal of the New York Section of the American Chemical Society”, Science, November 1, 1940. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1936-1940: Box 6.003, Folder 3.9]
• Note from Dr. Leonor Michaelis, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, to LP RE: Congratulates LP on being awarded the William H. Nichols Medal. [Letter from LP to Michaelis November 6, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #246.9, file:(Michaelis, Leonor)]
• Writes cheque to "First National Bank of Monmouth," $2.75. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Mrs. R. Eidemiller," $7.34. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Mrs. R. Eidemiller. Laundry & Help” $7.34 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque “First National Bank. Monmouth, Oregon. Rental on Manmas deposit box from Nov. 21, 1940 to Nov. 21, 1941. Box #162.” $2.75 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from Professor J. Williams, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas to LP RE: Says that LP's letter about Coryell came just two days after he made a deal with Dr. Maxwell Pollack, describes him as a real find, says his position might have not interested Dr. Coryell anyway but says he will keep him in mind for the future. [Letters from LP to Williams October 28, 1940, November 6, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: 436.5]

• Lecture notes for Ch 227a The Structure of Crystals lecture 4 [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, 12.5]
• Letter from Dr. S. S. Kistler, Norton Company, to LP RE: Writes that he was unable to see LP while in Pasadena while in Pasadena this summer. Invites LP to give the opening address at the Gibson Island conference in 1941. Goes on to describe the proposed program of the conference. [Letter from LP to Kistler November 11, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from F. R. Moulton, Permanent Secretary, American Association for the Advancement of Science, to LP. RE: Informs him that the Executive Committee elected LP a member of the Selection Committee of the Section on Chemistry to succeed Dr. James F. Norris. Hopes he will accept the responsibility. [Filed under LP Science: American Association for Advancement of Science, 1938-1964: Box #14.001 Folder #1.3]
• Letter from Irvin Stewart, Secretary, National Defense Research Committee, to LP. RE: CONFIDENTIAL Is enclosing two copies of a draft contract between the Committee and Caltech. If LP finds the contract in proper form, he can returned them signed. [Telegram from Chadwell to LP November 4, 1940, Letter from LP to Stewart, November 14, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.1]
• Letter from W. M. Stanley, Dept. of Animal and Plant Pathology, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, to LP RE: States he is back at Princeton and thanks LP for his hospitality on the last visit. [Filed under LP Correspondence: #367.10]
• Telegram from Harris M. Chadwell to LP. RE: Information is being collected and will be sent Wednesday. [Letter from LP to Conant November 1, 1940, Letter from Stewart to LP November 4, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.1]
• Writes cheque to "C. Seitz," $2.89. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes letter to “C. Seitz. Laundry” $2.89 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Lecture notes for Ch 227a The Structure of Crystals lecture 5 (note at top: Election day - Roosevelt re-elected) [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, 12.5]
• Letter from Dr. A. M. Pappenheimer, Jr., Department of Bacteriology, University of Pennsylvania, to LP RE: Sends LP reprints and comments in conjunction with LP's recent article in the JACS on a theory of formation and structure of antibodies. Also encloses a manuscript by Dr. Mary Petermann and himself on the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin reaction for comment, stating that it should be addressed in LP's theory of antibodies. [Letter from Pappenheimer January 10, 1941] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #312.5, file:(P: Correspondence, 1941)]
• Letter from Frank B. Jewett, President, National Academy of Sciences, to LP. RE: Informs him that he has been nominated to the Nominating Committee to nominate members of the Academy to fill vacancies in the office of Vice President. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from Karl T. Compton To Madam Secretary Perkins of Department of Labor Washington, DC, RE: urges action be taken to clear up case regarding Mrs. Keyes of Cambridge and the New York office of US Committee for Care of European Children. [Filed under AHP: Assorted Political Materials, 1940-1960: Box #5.011, Folder #11.6]
• Letter from LP to D. Maxwell Teague, Children's Fund of Michigan, RE: Suggests that Teague come to Caltech to major in chemistry, work on a biological problem, and minor in physiology under his direction. [Letter from D. Maxwell Teague to LP October 28, 1940, from LP to D. Maxwell Teague November 18, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: #410.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. C. G. King, University of Pittsburgh RE: Recommends Dr. S. A. Morell for membership in the American Society of Biological Chemists. [Letter from Morell to LP October 8, 1940, Letter from LP to Morell November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. E. G. Conklin, Executive Officer. RE: Thanks him for considering his request for a grant-in-aid. [Filed under LP Science: American Philosophical Society, 1936-1963, 1989, 1991: Box #14.011, Folder #11.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. S. A. Morell RE: Acknowledges letter from Morell and informs that he has sent a note to Dr. King. Regrets that he has no photo of house to send. [Letter from Morell to LP October 8, 1940, November 29, 1940, Letter from LP to King November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. S.H. Bauer RE: Thanks Bauer for his congratulations for receiving the Nichols Medal. [Bauer's letter: October 28, 1940] [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1941s.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. V. Bush, Chairman National Defense Research Committee. Says that he was glad to receive Bush's October 29th letter appointing LP as a Special Investigator. Encloses the two signed copies of the Pledge of Secrecy. [Letter from Bush to LP, October 29, 1940] LP Safe: Drawer 2, Folder 2.004
• Letter from LP to E.J. Crane, Editor, Chemical Abstracts RE: Thanks him for his congratulations. Suggests adding the name of the laboratory or center where research was performed to each abstract published. [Letters from Crane to LP October 29, 1940, November 11, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #68.8, file:(E.J. Crane, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. John S. Cront, Interlake Iron Corporation, RE: LP was very glad to received his letter and learn that he is working at Interlake Iron Corporation in Chicago. Hopes that he will stop by in Pasadena sometime. [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1941s.1]
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Newcomber, Pasadena Junior College RE: Requests another N. Y. A. man to replace Mr. James Shields as Dr. Schomaker's assistant in connection with the calculation of theoretical electron diffraction curves. [Note from Shields to Schomaker, undated November] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #287.7, File: (N: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from LP to President Frank L. Ballard RE: Thanks Ballard for his kind telegram of congratulations. [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1941s.1]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Herbert Harned, Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, RE: Notes that the manuscript has arrived and he will send his comments in a few weeks. [Note from Harned to LP October 21, 1940, Letter from LP to Harned December 3, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #151.13, file:(Harned, Herbert)]
• Letter from LP to Professor E. Bright Wilson, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Harvard University. [Letter from Wilson, Jr. to LP October 28, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: 438.5]

  November 3, 1940

  Professor E. Bright Wilson, Jr.

  Department of Chemistry

  Harvard University

  12 Oxford Street

  Cambridge, Massachusetts

  Dear Bright:

  I was very pleased to have your letter, including both congratulations and advice. I don't think you need to worry about my becoming a stuffed shirt. I haven't noticed as yet any great decrease in the amount of scientific work which I do, and some of my extra duties, such as working on the Guggenheim Board of Selection, seemed to me to be important enough to justify some attention.

  Eyster has decided not to build the Rabi apparatus, because of its lack of promise of giving chemically interesting results. I know that you have been interested in it, and if you disagree with this conclusion I hope that you will go ahead with the study of the method. Eyster is now beginning x-ray work with Sturdivant's big spectrometer.

  I too am being kept busy, what with defense work and immunological research on top of my other activities.

  With best regards to Emily also, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  LP:jr

• Letter from Prof. George Glockler, Department of Chemistry, State University of Iowa, to Dr. Charles L. Parsons, Secretary, American Chemical Society, RE: Nominates Dr. Fred T. Wall for the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry. Includes biographical information and a list of publications. [Letter from Glockler to LP November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #136.15, file:(Glockler, George.)]
• Letter from Prof. George Glockler, Department of Chemistry, State University of Iowa, to LP RE: Informs LP that he is nominating Dr. Fred T. Wall for the ACS Award in Pure Chemistry. Suggest LP help his candidacy. Encloses a copy of the letter and information he sent the Secretary of the ACS. [Letter from LP to Glockler December 10, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #136.15, file:(Glockler, George.)]
• Letter from V. Bush, Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, to LP. Appoints LP as a Special Investigator in connection with the contract now being negotiated between the NDRC and CIT for the development of portable apparatus for determining partial pressure of oxygen. Emphasizes the need for secrecy in regard to all activities relating to the work of the Committee. Encloses copies of the Pledge for Secrecy, which need to be signed and returned to Bush. [Letter from LP to Bush, November 5, 1941] LP Safe: Drawer 2, Folder 2.004
• List of Officers and Members of the Council of the National Academy of Sciences, [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Writes cheque to "American Chemical Society," $17.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Sanitary Laundry," $8.93. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Sanitary Laundry. Hem?” $8.93 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from LP to Arthur B. Lamb, Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society. RE: Believes that the current manuscript does not add anything to the to what is already published. Will go along with the decision for it to be published. Is not going to write a rebuttal, as it isn't that important. [Filed under LP Science: American Chemical Society Correspondence, 1925-1942: Box #14.002 Folder #2.5]
• Letter from LP to Arthur B. Lamb, Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society. RE: Is of the opinion that the two papers by Woo should not be accepted for publication. [Filed under LP Science: American Chemical Society Correspondence, 1925-1942: Box #14.002 Folder #2.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. H. Fraenkel-Conrat, Institute of Experimental Biology, UC Berkeley, RE: Replies he will inform Fraenkel-Conrat of any suitable position openings he hears of. Notes that Caltech is not currently expanding their organic work. [Letter from Fraenkel-Conrat to LP October 10, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #128.6, file:(F: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. L. Michaelis, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, RE: Thanks him for the congratulations and states that he and AHP are looking forward to visiting New York to receive the Nichols Medal. Mentions his hopes for peace in these times of trouble. [Note from Michaelis to LP November 1, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #246.9, file:(Michaelis, Leonor)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Mandel RE: Thanks them for telegram congratulating LP on receiving the Nichols medal. Hopes to see them soon. [Telegram from Mr and Mrs Mandel to LP, undated 11/40]
• Letter from LP to Professor J. Williams, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas RE: Says he is glad he will keep Coryell in mind, suggests also Dr. Herman Kalckar who is a Danish biochemist with Cori in St. Louis, and says he impressed him as an able man. [Letter from Williams to LP November 2, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: 436.5]
• Write cheque to “Mr. Crellin. Nov. 1 Payment” $80.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.3]
• Writes cheque to "First Federal Savings and Loan Co.," $210.24. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Mr. E.W. Crellin," $80.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “First Fed. Nov. 1 payment” $210.24 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.3]
• Writes cheque to “JACS. Dues 1941" $17.50 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.3]

• Lecture notes for Ch 227a The Structure of Crystals lecture 6: Sulfur [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, 12.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Frank B. Jewett, President, National Academy of Sciences. RE: Accepts the appointment as a member of the Nomination Committee of the Academy. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from V. Bush, Chairman, National Defense Research Committee, to LP. RE: Informs him that confidential research in cooperation with the National Defense Research Committee is now being conducted at CIT under LP's direction. Hopes that research will not be delayed due to the selective service act. Two copies. [Filed under LP Science: Assorted LP War Work, 1940-1946: Box #13.006 Folder #6.1]
• Letter from V. Bush, National Defense Research Committee, to LP. RE: Encloses an individual statement in duplicate addresses to LP relative to the assignment of Dr. Wilson to research under LP. [Filed under LP Science: Assorted LP War Work, 1940-1946: Box #13.006 Folder #6.1]
• List of Federal Union Chapters and affiliated groups in various states. Has a corrections and updates written in pencil. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Inc: Box # 5.004, Folder 4.3]

• Letter from Dr. Maurice L. Huggins, Research Laboratory, Eastman Kodak Company, to LP RE: Invites LP to present a paper at the Gibson Island conference on “Application of X-Ray and Electron Diffraction” on July 28th, 1941. Notes that they are trying to prepare the program in advance. Also asks if anyone else from Caltech could come if LP is not able to make it. [Letter from LP to Huggins November 14, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #162.13, file:(Huggins, Maurice L., 1927-1941)]
• Letter from T. K. Sherwood, Technical Aide, National Defense Research Committee, to LP. RE: Discusses the conditions under which an oxygen meter would need to function. [Filed under LP Science: Assorted LP War Work, 1940-1946: Box #13.006 Folder #6.1]

• Letter from Dr. Arthur Guillaudeu, Chicago Section, American Chemical Society, to LP RE: Requests he send a photograph of Dr. A.A. Noyes for their collection of Gibbs Medalists. [Letter from LP to Guillaudeu November 14, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from V. Bush, Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, to LP. Appoints LP as a member of Section L1 instead of Section L3 in Division B, of which Dr. Conant is Chairman. LP Safe: Drawer 2, Folder 2.004
• Letter from unknown (unsigned) to Bessie Little, RE: encloses adherent card and associate membership card for the listed people. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.006, Folder 6.5]
• Progress Report for the National Defense Research Project, from October 9th, 1940 through November 9th, 1940. [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.3]

• Manuscript: “A Proposed Method of Improving the process of Manufacture of Smokeless Powder” by Linus Pauling [Filed under: RNB 17R: Addendum]

  A Proposed Method of Improving the Process of Manufacture of Smokeless Powder

  Linus Pauling, Pasadena, California, November 10, 1940

  Judith Rooks

  1. Smokeless powder grains sometimes crack, causing increase in the rate of burning of the powder charge and consequent error in the path of the projectile. X-ray diffraction photographs of powder grains show a rather high degree of orientation of crystallites, and hence of the long nitrocellulose molecules. This would be expected to lead to longitudinal checking and cracking.

  A Method of Improving the Process of Manufacture of Smokeless Powder

  Linus Pauling, Pasadena, California (3500 E. Fairpoint St.), Sunday, November 10, 1940

  1. I learned from the N.D.R.C. meeting in Washington which I attended, from Dr. Farnumat [?] Indian head, and from books (Worden, Marshall, etc.) that sometimes smokeless powder grains crack, causing increase in rate of burning of the powder charge and consequent error in the path of the projectile. X-ray photographs of powder grains made by Dr. R.B. Corey at my request showed a rather high degree of orientation of crystallites, and hence of the long-chain molecules. This would be expected to lead to longitudinal checking and cracking.

  2. I have invented an improvement in the process of manufacture of smokeless powder rains and in similar manufacturing processes designed to increase the resistance of the grains to checking and cracking by the production of grains in which the orientation of crystallites and long-chain molecules is such as to give the grains suitable mechanical properties.

  3. This improvement in the process of manufacture may be achieved, for example, by rotating the press head (the nozzle) or a portion of the press head during the extrusion of the colloid in the form of a rope. The rotation may be continuous, in one direction, or oscillatory, first in one direction and then in the other. The rate of rotation should be such as to lead to the desired orientation.

  [Figure 1. Diagram of device described in bullet point 4.]

  4. A device to do this is shown in Figure 1. This figure represents the head (the nozzle) of a press for extruding the smokeless powder rope. A is a perforated plate through which the colloid is forced by pressure, emerging on the right side as strings. B is the nozzle tube. This is to be rotated by an applied torque (through a mechanism which is not shown in the drawing) at such a rate that the extruded strings are coiled so that their longitudinal axes are no longer essentially parallel to the axis of the nozzle.

  5. If difficulty is experienced through the forcing of colloid into the space at E between the press A and the rotating nozzle B, some lubricant or suitable substance (alcohol) might be applied under suitable pressure so as to prevent the entrance of the colloid into this space.

  6. In order that the system of rods C which produce longitudinal holes in the rope may rotate to the desired extent with the rotating nozzle B, this system might be attached to A by a support D with a bearing permitting rotation at the point F or at some other suitable place. This would eliminate the disadvantage of attaching the system C directly to the nozzle B by structures which might so influence the colloid being extruded as to give it unsatisfactory mechanical properties.

  7. The system of rods C might be attached to A by a support D with such properties as to permit the rotation of C relative to A by a suitable amount. The device would then be operated by causing B to undergo rotational oscillation, rotating first through a suitable angular range in one direction, then through the same range in the opposite direction, and so on.

• Note from Dr. Dwight Carpenter to LP RE: Congratulates him on being awarded the Nichols Medal. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #57.13, file:(Carpenter, Dwight Chance, 1936-1940, 1944)]
• Writes cheque to "Clarence S. Hearn," $24.05. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Clarence Horn?. Tues. Etc” $24.05 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Lecture notes for Ch 227a The Structure of Crystals lecture 7: Gallium [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, 12.5]
• Letter from B. J. Latshaw to LP RE: Thanks LP for letter of September 6th. Reports discovery of an incendiary mixture and relates that there are too many committees in charge of national defense. [Letter from LP to Latshaw September 6, 1940, Letter from LP to Latshaw November 19, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #230.6, File: (L: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from E.J. Crane, Editor, Chemical Abstracts, to LP RE: Replies that in the past they included the addresses of researchers in the abstracts, but due to space and cost concerns, they were eliminated. [Letters from LP to Crane November 5, 1940, November 19, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #68.8, file:(E.J. Crane, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Carsten Steffens RE: Thanks Steffens for the card and looks forward to seeing him in March. [Filed under LP Correspondence: #367.13]
• Letter from LP to Dr. F. R. Moulton, American Association for the Advancement of Science. RE: Will be pleased to serve as a member of the Chemistry Section Committee of the Association. [Filed under LP Science: American Association for Advancement of Science, 1938-1964: Box #14.001 Folder #1.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. S. S. Kistler, Norton Company RE: Regrets that he missed Kistler's visit to Pasadena. Declines the invitation to take part in the Gibson Island Research Conferences for 1941. [Letters from Kistler to LP November 4, 1940, November 21, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Mikhaylitchenko, Director of the Library and Riappo, Chief of the Exchange Division, Academy of Sciences of the Ukranian Soviet Socialist Republic. Library. to LP RE: Acknowledges receipt of publications and requests that LP forward the publications of Caltech in exchange for the works of the Academy Institute of Construction Mechanics that are being sent. (Note: Sent reprint list 1/7/41 JK, lower left) [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from W. Mansfield Clark, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, to LP. RE: Makes proposals for the Nominating Committee. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Writes cheque to "Athenaeum," $11.30. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Dr. H.A. Whipple," $9.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Frank Aisawa," $38.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "S. California Telephone Co.," $14.38. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Athenaeum” $11.30 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Frank. Gardening” $38.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “H. A. Whipple. Linda & Daddy” $9.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “S. C. Tel. Co. Two months” $14.38 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Lecture notes for Ch 227a The Structure of Crystals lecture 8: The Halogens [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, 12.5]
• Letter from Arthur B. Lamb, Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society, to LP. RE: Is sending a manuscript by Forsythe. Asks his opinion on the matter. [Filed under LP Science: American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1925-1942: Box #14.002 Folder #2.5]
• Letter from E. Engquist to John Rankin, RE: gives a list of names of possible people interested in Federal Union provided by Pasadena Chapter members, but who live outside of the Pasadena area. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.007, Folder 7.2]
• Letter from LP to Erle Billings RE: Encloses the requested lists of graduates from 1940 and possible graduates for 1941. [Letter from Billings to LP October 15, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #37.7, file:(B: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Leonard Klein to LP RE: Requests LP review and comment on his manuscript on the synthesis of Vinyl Chloride. [Letter from LP to Klein November 19, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Robert M. Hutchins, President, University of Chicago, RE: Informs LP that the University of Chicago Trustees have decided to confer to him an honorary degree of Doctor of Science on September 29, 1941 at the Convocation ceremony which will be the culmination of the Academic Festival celebrating the 50th anniversary of the university. Invites LP to participate in the Academic Festival September 22-26. [Letter from LP to Hutchins November 18, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box 163, file:(Hutchins, Robert M.)]
• Writes cheque to "Polytechnic Elementary School," $50.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Poly. On account” $50.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from LP to Mr. Clayton McAuliffe RE: Gives information about research currently taking place at Caltech. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence 1940)]
• Report on hydrogen peroxide by LP. RE: Production, stability, and proposed use of concentrated hydrogen peroxide. [Filed under LP Science: Assorted LP War Work, 1940-1946: Box #13.006 Folder #6.1]
• Writes cheque to "Arden Farms, Inc." $24.60. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Bode's," $7.64. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Helms Bakeries," $2.58. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Mira Loma Mutual Water Co.," $4.33. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "S. Counties Gas Co.," $5.90. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Southern California Edison Co.," $8.80. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Sportland Inc.," $1.55. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "T.W. Mather Co," $8.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Arden Farms. Milk, etc” $24.60 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Bodes. Meat, etc” $7.64 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Helms. Bread, etc” $2.58 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Mira Loma H2O Co. H2O” [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “S. C. Gas. Co.” $5.90 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “S. Calif. Edison” $8.80 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Sportland. Shoes for Peter” $1.55 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Tilv. Mather?. Sox etc” $8.55 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, LP. RE: Asks him to be a member of the Committee of Selection again. Would like to know his preference for meeting dates. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.16]
• Letter from John M. Reiner, Dept. of Physics, College of the City of New York, to LP RE: Describes the new technical section of the Philosophy of Science Journal and asks LP to contribute. [Letter from LP toe Dr. John M. Reiner] [Filed under LP Correspondence: #340.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Arthur Guillaudeu, Chicago Section, American Chemical Society, RE: Replies that they have no recent photos of Dr. Arthur A. Noyes. Suggests he use a photographic reproduction of the oil portrait of Noyes at MIT, as LP plans to do in the biographical memoir for the National Academy of Sciences. [Letter from Guillaudeu to LP November 9, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Dwight Carpenter RE: Thanks him for his letter of congratulations. [Note from Carpenter to LP November 10, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #57.13, file:(Carpenter, Dwight Chance, 1936-1940, 1944)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Irvin Stewart, National Defense Research Committee. RE: Returning the contracts, signed by representatives of Caltech. [Letter from Stewart to LP November 4, 1940 Letter from Chadwell to LP November 29, 1940]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Maurice L Huggins, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, RE: Regrets he will be unable to attend the Gibson Island conference, which he has already communicated to Kistler. Asks if Dr. Hughes, the Arthur A. Noyes Fellow in Chemistry at Caltech could participate in the program. [Letters from Huggins November 8, 1940, December 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #162.13, file:(Huggins, Maurice L., 1927-1941)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. T. K. Sherwood, National Defense Research Committee. [Filed under LP Science: Assorted LP War Work, 1940-1946: Box #13.006 Folder #6.1]

  November 14, 1940

  Dr. T.K. Sherwood

  National Defense Research Committee

  1539 P Street NW

  Washington, D.C.

  Dear Dr. Sherwood:

  I wish to thank you for your letter of November 6, containing specifications prepared by Dr. Bergstrom for the apparatus which we are developing. I think that we shall have one of the instruments read to be sent to you before very long.

  I am enclosing in duplicate a report on concentrated hydrogen peroxide, and I shall be glad to learn whether you would like further work done on this matter. Dr. Paul A. Giguere, who has been working in our laboratories for a year and a half, has had extensive experience with concentrated hydrogen peroxide. He has prepared 99% H₂0₂ in liter quantities here, and it is his opinion that the substance is not dangerous under ordinary conditions of handling. It is my feeling that 90% peroxide is to be preferred to the 99% solution because the latter explodes below its boiling point, whereas the former does not. I am planning to carry out during the next few days some experiments on the resistance of concentrated peroxide to shock by detonators and by rifle bullets, and I shall let you know the results of the experiments.

  In addition to this investigation, I would suggest that a study of the rate of evolution of oxygen might be made, and a search made for a procedure for causing the evolution of oxygen to occur at a rate which remains constant as the reaction continues and which is independent of temperature and of mechanical influences such as shaking. A study would

  [2]

  also have to be made of the problem of getting the gas out and leaving the liquid behind. Some method might also be found for diminishing the first hazard resulting from the possibility of contact of concentrated peroxide with combustible materials.

  I would be glad if you would let me know soon if there is a chance that further work on concentrated hydrogen peroxide would be done. Dr. Giguere is at present Provincial Government of Quebec Fellow. He is a Canadian born citizen of Canada trained at Laval University and at McGill University. He came here in the spring of 1939 for the sake of his health. His fellowship expires at the end of December 1940, and he is planning to take a job with some industrial firm unless some other arrangement can be made for him. If there were some prospect that research on hydrogen peroxide would be carried out here, I could arrange for the California Institute of Technology to provide a stipend for him for an interim period, beginning in January.

  In this connection you may be interested to know that Dr. W. Ewart Williams, formerly of the University of London, discovered last spring while working in our laboratories that lucite sheets under the influence of 99% hydrogen peroxide become plastic and can be formed into curved shapes. Dr. Williams can be reached in care of George Wells, President, American Optical Company, , Southbridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Giguere assisted him in the work for a while, and was subsided by a salary payment from the California Institute for one month.

  I do not think that there is much chance that L10₂ can be made, since previous investigators have not succeeded in L1₂0₃. There is, however, the possibility that oxygen under sufficiently high pressure would combine with L₁ to give L10₂. It might be worth while to try this.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling

  LP: jr

• Letter from LP to W. Mansfield Clark. RE: Agrees with his proposals. Discusses them. Submits a preliminary vote for vice-Presidency and for the Council. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Postcard from Dr. Werner Nowacki to Dr. R. Hultgren RE: Requests reprint of a paper in Physics Review. (Note: acknowledged - J Rooke 1/6/41, Rep. Exhausted) [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #277.15, File: (Nowacki, Werner)]
• Writes cheque to "Beulah Thomas," $30.00.
• Writes cheque to “Beulah Thomas” $30.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from M.P. Frank to Mineral Dept., Caltech, RE: Requests they recommend to him a person who could manufacture large quantities of tungsten powder. [Letter from LP to Frank November 29, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #128.6, file:(F: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Professor E. Bright Wilson, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Harvard University to LP RE: Writes to ask if LP will have any vacancies for research assistants as the industrial forms are offering jobs to all his men who want to continue their research, recommends A. J. Wells as he is one of their most promising Ph. D. graduates, explains his situation and highly recommends him. (Notes on left margin in pencil: “Why not NRF? Too late for Guggenheim. Probably Noyes if NRF not given him.”) [Letter from LP to Wilson, Jr. November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: 438.5]
• Writes cheque to "Dr. E.H.McMillan," $3.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Rio Grande Oil, Inc." $4.65. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Standard Oil Co. of Calif.," $2.11. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “E. H. McMillan. Paddy” $3.00 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Rio Grande Oil Co. Gas” $4.65 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “S. Oil Co. Of Calif. Gasoline” $2.11 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from Dr. Kenneth J. Palmer to LP RE: Mentions that he will soon be unemployed and has but one lead for a new job. Requests news of any openings LP knows about. Gives an outline of his as yet unpublished work on characterizing dry nerve lipids by their x-ray diffraction pattern. Includes sketches of graphs. [Letter from LP to Palmer November 19, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #304.3, file:(Palmer, Kenneth J.)]
• Letter from E.H. Engquist to Union Now, Oakland, California, RE: gives one name of possible person interested in Federal Union provided by Pasadena Chapter members, but who live outside of the Pasadena area. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.007, Folder 7.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Herman Kalckar RE: Sends a letter from Noyes with suggestions for the manuscript. Mentions that Roger Williams might be interested in joining Kalckar's research staff. [Filed under LP Correspondence Box #70.5, file:(Chemical Reviews, 1936-1937, 1940, 1949-1951)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Edward C. Barrett RE: Recommends Dr. David Pressman be appointed Noyes Fellow in Chemistry from November 1, 1940 to June 30, 1941 to be paid $125 per month, replacing his appointment as Research Assistant on Rockefeller Fund, Organic Salaries. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.029 file 29.1]
• Letter from LP to W.A. Noyes, Editor, Chemical Reviews RE: Informs Noyes that he has sent the comments on to Dr. Kalckar. [Filed under LP Correspondence Box #70.5, file:(Chemical Reviews, 1936-1937, 1940, 1949-1951)]
• Letter from unknown (unsigned) to Bessie Little, RE: encloses adherent card and associate membership card and membership dues, and returning file card. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.006, Folder 6.5]
• Telegram from Sidgwick and Sutton to LP RE: “Congratulations on Nichols Medal.” [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1941s.1]
• Writes cheque to "National Geographic Society," $3.00. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]

• Chemistry 227 set of typed problems. [Filed in LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.012, Folder 12.5]
• Letter from Arthur B. Lamb, Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society, to LP. RE: Encloses a manuscript by Stout. Asks his opinion as to how it can be presented more briefly. [Filed under LP Science: American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1925-1942: Box #14.002 Folder #2.5]
• Letter from FW Hinrichs, Jr. To LP RE: Requests more information be given to students regarding their performance because the current lack of specificity has confused and hindered some students. [Letter from LP to Dean Hinrichs November 28, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from Gordon Mannerstedt, MD, to E.H. Engquist, RE: thanks for the name of the person possibly interested in Federal Union. [Letter from Engquist to Mannerstedt November 16, 1940] [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.007, Folder 7.2]
• Letter from Hildegard Stücklen, Dept. of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, to LP RE: States he is applying for a Civil Service examination and asks if LP would be a reference on his application. Congratulates LP on the Nichols medal and inquires after AHP's health. [Letter from LP to Miss Hildegard Stücklen November 25, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1940), #377.10]
• Letter from LP to D. Maxwell Teague, Children's Fund of Michigan, RE: States he will have a catalog and admission forms for graduate student in chemistry and graduate assistantship or teaching fellowship sent to Teague. [Letter from LP to D. Maxwell Teague November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: #410.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. RE: Shall be glad to be a member of the Committee of Selection again. Informs him of dates which would be satisfactory for meetings. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.16]
• Letter from LP to Joel Hildebrand, University of California. RE: Thanks him for his letter. Has proposed Axel Olson for membership in the National Academy of Sciences. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from LP to Robert M. Hutchins, President, University of Chicago. [Letter from Hutchins to LP November 12, 1940, invitation September 28, 1941] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box 163, file:(Hutchins, Robert M.)]

  November 18, 1940

  President Robert M. Hutchins

  The University of Chicago

  Chicago, Illinois

  Dear President Hutchins:

  I have received with great pleasure your letter informing me of the action of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago in voting to confer upon me the honorary degree of Doctor of Science at the Convocation to he held on on Monday, September 29, 1941. It will be an especial pleasure to me to participate in the ceremonies in celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of your great University.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling

  LP:jr

• Letter from LP to Roger Adams, University of Illinois. RE: Encloses his formal ballot with the proposal of Axel Olson for consideration. Is sending fifty copies of biographical and bibliographical material. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from M.J. Buerger to LP RE: Requests permission to use an illustration for his book “X-ray Crystallography.” [Letter from LP to Buerger November 25, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #33.4, file:(Buerger, M.J.)]
• Letter from Prof. J. Lynn Hoard, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, to LP RE: Asks LP's opinion on the content and scope of a paper on the Structure of Complex Inorganic Crystals which Noyes has asked Hoard to prepare for Chemical Reviews. Discusses recent structural determination work in the lab. [Letter from LP to Hoard November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #159.10, file:(Hoard, J. Lynn)]
• Letter from WV Houston to the members of the Committee on Public Lectures for the Pasadena Meeting fo the AAAS RE: Asks opinions of the Committee members regarding the suggestion of having a Mexican lecturer. He offers two possible candidates but wishes to hear from the members if it sounds like a good idea. [Letter from LP to WV Houston November 19, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Offprint: Memorandum of Agreement. Outline of the contract between the National Defense Research Committee of the Council of National Defense and CIT. Handwritten notes by LP: "NDRC 38." and "NDRC-CHEM-1." LP Safe: Drawer 2, Folder 2.007

• Letter from LP to Dr. John M. Reiner, Dept. of Physics, College of the City of New York, RE: States that he will not be able to contribute to the Philosophy of Science journal because of an exceedingly busy year. [Letter from Dr. John M. Reiner to LP November 14, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: #340.5]
• Letter from LP to Arthur B. Lamb, Editor, Journal of the American Chemical Society. RE: Gives his opinion of the manuscript by Forsythe. [Filed under LP Science: American Chemical Society: Correspondence, 1925-1942: Box #14.002 Folder #2.5]
• Letter from LP to Dr. George E. Ziegler, Armour Research Foundation RE: Recommends a Dr. Kenneth J. Palmer for a research position previously mentioned by Ziegler, lists Palmer's education and qualifications, as well as his personality and marital status, and concludes by recommending Dr. Palmer highly. [Filed under LP Correspondence: 468.1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Kenneth J. Palmer, Zoology Department, Washington University RE: States that he is interested in the experimental results but that he has not had time to think about them. Informs that he has written to Ziegler at the Armour Research Foundation concerning an opening for an x-ray and electron diffraction position and recommends that Palmer write also. [Letters from Palmer to LP November 16, 1940, November 23, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #304.3, file:(Palmer, Kenneth J.)]
• Letter from LP to E.J. Crane RE: Thanks him for his explanation of the decision regarding abstracts and researchers' addresses. [Letter from Crane to LP November 11, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #68.8, file:(E.J. Crane, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Leonard W. Klein RE: Returns his manuscript, Comments that it is too general. [Letter from Klein to LP November 12, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. B. J. Latshaw RE: Assures Latshaw that National Inventors' Committee will be able to advise on incendiary mixture. Informs Latshaw that LP has examined substance, but made no tests due to lack of experience in the field. [Letter to LP from Latshaw November 11, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #230.6, File: (L: Correspondence 1940)]
• Letter from LP to WV Houston RE: States that he does not know either of the two recommended speakers and doubts they are worth $200, he doesn't know of any other desirable Mexican speaker and recommends that Dr. Lawrence be invited first. [Letter from WV Houston to Members of Committee on Public Lectures for the Pasadena Meeting of the AAAS November 18, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Writes cheque to "Bullock's," $36.21. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Fortner and Loud," $43.89. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Bullocks. Clothes for me” $36.21 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]
• Writes cheque to “Fortner & Laud. Repairs” $43.89 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from Arthur Compton to LP RE: Informs him that he has been selected to receive an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Chicago. Asks LP to please come and give a lecture during September of 1941, along with the other award recipients. [Letter from LP to Compton November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #66.13, file:(Compton, Arthur H., 1940)]
• Letter from Dr. Frank T. Gucker, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, to LP RE: Reports they have received a Carnegie grant to expand post-doctoral research. Requests LP ask Dr. Emil Burcik to write concerning the position. Suggests LP or Yost could also send their comments on Burcik. [Letter from LP to Gucker November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Joel H. Hildebrand, University of California, to Roger Adams, University of Illinois. RE: Submits fifty copies of biographical material dealing with his career. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]
• Letter from Prof. Joel H. Hildebrand, Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, to LP RE: Notes that he was asked to wear tails to the affair in New York. Adds that he is sending copies of Olsen's record for LP and Roger Adams. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #159.3, file:(Hildebrand, Joel)]
• Letter from Todd M. Doscher to Chairman, Department of Physical Chemistry, California Institute of Technology RE: notifies that he will be applying for a Charles A. Coffin Foundation award and asks if there are any professors at Caltech that would accept him as a research student studying for his master's degree. [Reply from LP November 25, 1940] [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.017, Folder 17.2]

• Letter from Dr. S.S. Kistler, Norton Company to LP RE: Regrets to hear that LP will be unable to participate in the Gibson Island Conferences to be held the week of July 8th. [Letter from LP to Kistler November 11, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]

• Letter from EC Watson to LP RE: Informs LP of his appointment to a committee to consider the question of fifth and six year degrees. [Letter from LP to Professor EC Watson November 26, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, to LP. RE: Discusses the meeting dates. Asks if the ones decided on are satisfactory. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.16]
• Telegram from LP to Edmund Deaver RE: Sends address for Gustav Albrecht. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #4.1, file:(Albrecht, Gustav 1939-1964)]
• Telegram from Roger Adams, to LP. RE: Hold mimeograph copies concerning Olson until he receives his letter. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018, Folder #18.1]

• Letter from Dr. Kenneth J. Palmer, Zoology Department, Washington University to LP RE: Thanks LP for prompt answer and informs that he is writing to Ziegler as suggested. States that he has enclosed a picture of his new daughter and that mom and baby are doing well. [Letters from LP to Palmer November 19, 1940, December 3, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #304.3, file:(Palmer, Kenneth J.)]
• Letter from Dr. Leslie Bliss to LP RE: Sends samples of two tissue papers to be tested for acidity, chlorides and rosin. [Letter from LP to Bliss December 30, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #37.7, file:(B: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from unknown (unsigned) to Bessie Little, RE: encloses associate membership card and check, membership card and check, and a sustaining membership card and check for several listed people. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.006, Folder 6.5]

• Federal Union Inc. Headquarters Bulletin No 7. Tune in on Mutual Network Sunday, Dec.1 st.at 8:00 P.M. [Filed under Publications re: Union Now/Federal Union, Inc., 1940-1941: Box # 5.009, Folder 9.6]
• Letter from Dr. Aden J. King, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, to LP RE: Requests LP loan them a photograph so that they may copy it and include in their set of photographs of contemporary scientists. [Letter from LP to King December 3, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from Dr. Joseph O. Hirschfelder, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, to LP RE: Regrets he will be unable to come to Caltech this year, as he is still needed in Madison to teach in the Physics Department. Asks LP to write the Lalor Foundation on his behalf to see if they could postpone the fellowship until next year. [Letter from LP to Hirschfelder December 2, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #159.8, file:(Hirschfelder, Joseph)]
• Letter from Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, to LP. RE: Requests his judgement on two applicants who have referred him to LP. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.16]
• Letter from John Rankin to Mrs. E. Engquist, Pasadena Chapter of Federal Union, RE: thanks for the list of people possibly interested in Federal Union. [Letter from Enquist to Rankin November 12, 1940] [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.007, Folder 7.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Henry Allen Moe, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. RE: Informs him that the meeting times mentioned are satisfactory. [Filed under LP Science: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, 1925-1945: Box #14.013 Folder #13.16]
• Letter from LP to M.J. Buerger RE: Gives permission to use his illustration. [Letter from Buerger to LP November 18, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #33.4, file:(Buerger, M.J.)]
• Letter from LP to Miss Hildegard Stücklen, Dept. of Chemistry, Mount Holyoke College, RE: Gives Stücklen permission to use his name as a reference, and suggests she ask Dr. Schomaker to be a reference as well. Hopes to come visit Mount Holyoke soon. [Letter from Hildegard Stücklen to LP November 19, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: (S: Correspondence, 1940), #377.10]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Todd M. Doscher RE: accepts Doscher as research student if he is awarded a Charles A. Coffin fellowship. Suggests research problem be the examination of certain alloy systems by the x-ray method. [Letter from Doscher to LP November 20, 1940] [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.017, Folder 17.2]
• Letter from V. Bush, Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, to LP. Encloses a commission delegating LP as an official investigator under a contract between the NDRC and CIT. Also encloses a copy fo the Pledge of Secrecy signed by LP. LP Safe: Drawer 2, Folder 2.004
• Notes by unidentified person on radio arsenic. [Letter from LP to McMillan November 16, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #245.6, file:(McMillan, Edwin)]
• Notes for Quantum Mechanics Lecture: “Lecture 9" Structures of Type AB [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, Folder 12.4]

• Lectures notes for Quantum Mechanics Lecture 10: Other Chemically Reasonable Structures. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, Folder 12.4]
• Letter from LP To Professor EC Watson RE: Accepts appointment to the committee to consider the question of fifth and sixth year degrees. [Letter from EC Watson to LP November 22, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from LP to Prof. J. Lynn Hoard, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, RE: Responds with his suggestions for the paper on the structure of complex inorganic crystals that Noyes has asked Hoard to prepare for Chemical Reviews. [Letter from Noyes to LP November 18, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #159.10, file:(Hoard, J. Lynn)]
• Letter from LP to Arthur Compton RE: Expresses his pleasure at the decision of the University of Chicago to award him an honorary degree and states that he looks forward to participating in the symposium in September. [Letter from Compton to LP November 20, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #66.13, file:(Compton, Arthur H., 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Edwin McMillan, UC Berkeley, RE: Proposes experimentation with phloroglucinol and radio arsenic. Asks if McMillan would be able to supply the arsenic. [Notes on radio arsenic November 25, 1940, Note from McMillan December 3, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #245.6, file:(McMillan, Edwin)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Frank T. Gucker, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, RE: “I am asking Dr. Burcik to write to you and also asking Yost to write if he has anything further to say.” [Letter from Gucker to LP November 20, 1940, memo from Yost to LP November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Edward C. Barrett RE: Recommends Dr. Reuben E. Wood be appointed Research Assistant from October 7, 1940 to April 6, 1941 to be paid $1000 for the 6 months from Chemistry National Defense Research Committee Fund No. 2. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.029 file 29.1]
• Letter from LP to Professor E. Bright Wilson, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Harvard University RE: Believes it would be wonderful for Wells to come for a year or two, thinks he is an ideal man to recommend for a National Research Fellowship, and gives him permission to come and work on any problem he wants if he is a National Research Fellowship. Supposes that Wilson should recommend Wells for a Guggenheim Scholarship if he feels he is really exceptional but says it is a moot point since the deadline for the application has already passed. Explains that he doesn't know what the situation will be with the post-doctorate fellowships as they are usually given to someone who has come in on the National Research Fellowship. [Letters from Wilson, Jr. to LP November 15, 1940, December 2, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: 438.5]
• Letter from Roger Adams, University of Illinois, to LP. RE: Informs him that he has been elected to be the nest Chairman of the Chemistry Section. Shall forward him information. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018 Folder #18.2]
• Manuscript, Typescript: Science and Democracy, Tau Beta Pi Banquet, Athenaeum, California. [Filed under: LP Speeches, 1940s.6]

  SCIENCE AND DEMOCRACY

  By Linus Pauling

  Tau Beta Pi Banquet, Athenaeum, November 26, 1940

  When I was last asked to speak at a TBP banquet, several years ago, nothing entered my mind except to talk on a scientific subject. Things are different now; in these days we all have a greater consciousness of social and political subjects, and hence it may be allowed me to talk on the subject expressed in a general way by the title Science and Democracy.

  Democracy in its development has run a parallel course to science. Democracy, that form of government in which the people rules itself, originated in Greece, at the time that science got its start. The science of the Greeks was not perfect - thus Aristotle thought that a body weighing two pounds would fall twice as fast as one weighing one pound, and Lucretius (a Roman, to be sure) said that the molecules of honey and milk are round, whereas those of wormwood are hooked. Similarly the democracy of the Greeks was the rule of only a portion of the people - the others, the slaves, were in fact not considered to be people.

  Democracy and science both faltered and lagged in the middle ages. Then came the renaissance of science and the revolutions which led to the rebirth of democracy - a better democracy than that of the ancients. This started with the revolutions of 1642 and 1688 in England, which consolidated the parliamentary system, then the American revolution; the French revolutions of 1789, 1830, and 1848; and Democracy got a firm and, we hope, lasting start in the world.

  Thomas Jefferson, who may be considered the father of American democracy, stated that it was closely linked with science. He wrote in a letter to John Adams that he and his followers had believed "in the improvability of the human mind in science, in ethicism in government, etc. Those who advocated a reformation of institutions, pari passu with the progress of science, maintained that no definite limits could be assigned to progress. The enemies of reform, on the other hand, denied improvement and advocated steady adherence to the principles practices, and institutions of our fathers which they represented as the consummation of wisdom and the acme of excellence beyond which the human mind could never advance". Thus Jefferson contended that government, like science, could grow and improve through research. This is what democracy has done - there have been continual reforms, leading to a greater and greater voice of the people as a hole in the affairs of state. Thus in the time Of Andrew Jackson, who was truly the representative of the people, the old caucus system of electing the president was abolished in favor of the modern one with the electors pledged to vote for a certain candidate, and now we are talking of election by popular vote.

  Democracy is a government of free men. It assures to the citizen personal freedom - the right to say what he wants to, to do what he wants to, subject only to the limitation that he must not thereby work against the common good. The alternative of dictatorship is that of slavery, with the individual subject to the whim of the ruler. This freedom is something worth fighting for, worth going to war for if necessary.

  And now let me talk a bit about science and war, since war and government are linked together. Man has always been a warlike animal, and he has usually been fighting for his freedom of action in one way or another. In the earliest times he fought with his neighbor when their interests clashed. Then when he had learned to form tribes for the common good and protection the tribes fought. In time, with the development of the science of agriculture, there arose towns, which fought with neighboring towns. Mr. Waser has told me a story about Zurich and Rapperswil a thousand years ago. These towns were at war [end of typescript]

  [from the manuscript] Now where are we and what can we hope for? We have large countries - a score or more, with a half-dozen of importance. These countries are fighting - the democracies, in which people are free, against the totalitarian states, in which people are the slaves of the rulers. England is fighting not alone for democracy but for existence - yet this is essentially for democracy. We are arming ---- .

  The future? We can extrapolate - with the progress of science the countries of the future will be larger. Ultimately - perhaps in our lifetime - there will be a world government. The great question is this - will it be a world democracy or a world dictatorship. Either is possible.

  The present war will lead to larger countries. Perhaps one will be so large as to dominate the world from now on - then war would be over. Otherwise the issue will be settled by a later war or wars.

  The best hope is that the democracies will win this war and then continue to dominate the world. Control of the seas is the important thing. Admiral Mahan.

• Memo from LP to Don M. Yost, Caltech, RE: Asks him to show the letter to Burcik and have him write Gucker directly. Adds that Yost could write as well. (Note in bottom margin: “I wrote 29 Nov. 1940) [Letters from Gucker to LP November 20, 1940, from LP to Gucker November 26, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #140.5, file:(G: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Writes cheque to "R. Woodruff," $.90. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “R. Woodruff. Payment for Star News 1 mo.” $0.90 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]

• Letter from Dr. Karl Landsteiner, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, to LP RE: Sends a rather weak S-A Immune Serum. Requests two reprints on anti-body formation. [Letter from LP to Landsteiner December 2, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212.7, file:(Landsteiner, Ernest Karl)]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Edward C. Barrett RE: Requests Dr. Chia-Si Lu be appointed Arthur A. Noyes Fellow in Chemistry from November 1, 1940 to June 30, 1941 with salary of $110 per month. Situation regarding his visa has been cleared up. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box #1.029 file 29.1]
• Postcard from Tula L. Copening to Pasadena Committee of Federal Union, RE: requests information of Union Now. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.006, Folder 6.5]

• Lecture notes for Quantum Mechanics Lecture 11: Cinnabar, continued [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, Folder 12.4]
• Letter from LP to Dean Hinrichs RE: Clears up some confusion around contradicting information given to a student about his report. States that the professor followed the procedure but it will be considered to change the procedure in the future. [Letter from Dean Hinrichs to LP November 18, 1940] [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Lotte Kellner RE: Regrets that they have no positions available at Caltech, but goes on to state that he will make inquiries on her behalf for other suitable posts. [Letters from Kellner to LP September 25, 1940, from LP to Barnes November 29, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]

• Letter from Barbara Cole, Librarian, Technical Division, Dupont, Buffalo to LP RE: Requests reprint of “Theory of the Color of Dyes.” (Note in pencil: “Sent 12/9/40”) [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #74.8, file:(C: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. H. Bruce Collier RE: Replies that unfortunately he has not had any ideas on the matter of tyrosine. Sends separately a reprint on antibodies. [Letter from Collier to LP August 14, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box: #74.8, file:(C: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to Dr. R. Bowling Barnes, American Cyanamid Company, RE: Sends copies of the letters from Dr. Lotte Kellner. Describes her situation and experience with infrared and asks if Barnes could use her as an assistant. [Letters from LP to Kellner November 28, 1940, from Barnes to LP December 9, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #200.5, file:(K: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to M.P. Frank RE: Regrets that currently they have no one who could help him make azides of tungsten at his plant. [Letter from Frank to Caltech November 15, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #128.6, file:(F: Correspondence, 1940)]
• Letter from LP to William C. Boyd, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine. RE: Sent copies of a paper separately. Requests that Boyd send his manuscript to LP so he can read it. Comments on Boyd's findings in relation to the lattice theory. [Letter from Boyd to LP October 18, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Materials re: Antibody and Anitgen Research; the Nature of Serological Reactions, 1940-1947, 1950-1952, 1973, 1986: Box #7.001 Folder #1.1]]
• Letter from Robert D. Coghill, Chief, Fermentation Division, Northwest Regional Research Laboratory to LP. RE: Has sent a reprint of two articles which were recently published. Discusses his findings in relation of LP's findings. [Filed under LP Science: Materials re: Antibody and Antigen Research; the Nature of Serological Reactions, 1940-1947, 1950-1952, 1973, 1986: Box #7.001 Folder #1.1]
• Letter from S. A. Morell, Associate Biochemist, United States Department of Agriculture to LP RE: Thanks LP for supporting his application for membership to the American Society of Biological Chemists. (Note: Niemann(?), upper right) [Letter from LP to Morell November 5, 1940] [Filed under LP Correspondence Box #255.7, File: (M: Correspondence)]
• Memorandum from H. M. Chadwell, National Defense Research Committee, to LP. RE: Enclosed three copies of the problem which LP will be addressing. If it meets LP's approval, he is to initial and date two copies and return them to Chadwell. [Letter from LP to Stewart November 14, 1940, Signed copy December 4, 1940] [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.1]
• Writes cheque to "U.S. Naval Institute," $1.50. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]

• Letter from LP to Professor James Bell RE: Informs Professor Bell of the motion passed to have him in charge of the laboratory of Chemistry 1 and LP in charge of the lectures and recitations of Chemistry 1. LP is looking forward to collaborating and plans to continue along the same limes. [Filed under California Institute of Technology: Materials re: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1933-1963, No Date: Box #1.024, Folder 24.8]
• Letter from unknown (unsigned) to Bessie Little, RE: encloses membership renewal and associate membership cards and checks. [Filed under AHP: Federal Union, Pasadena Chapter: Box # 5.006, Folder 6.5]
• Research Notebook of LP, RNB 16R, p. 38a RE: Correspondence: LP to James E. Bell, November 30, 1940. [re: division of teaching load for Chemistry 1 laboratory]
• Writes cheque to "Baxter Northup Co.," $45.96. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to "Hertel's," $1.03. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business and Financial, Box 4.015, Folder 3]
• Writes cheque to “Baxter Rodhup? Cornet for Rely? $44.96 + $1 repair” $45.96 [LP Biographical: Business and Financial 4.072, folder 72.2]